Thu, 04 Oct 2007 DPAHong Kong - Loretta works at least 15 hours a day, six days a week. She lives with her employer, sleeping in on a sofa in the bedroom of his six-year-old son. She has no privacy, eats the leftovers from the meals she cooks for her employer and has just one day off a week.
In the west, her working conditions would be deemed almost slave labour. But in Hong Kong and other Asian countries, they are not unusual for a maid.
"I have lots of friends who live like this," said the 38-year-old Filipino who has worked as a maid in Hong Kong for 12 years.
"For some things are better. For others it is worse. We put up with it because there is always someone else waiting to step in and work for less," she says.
Loretta's situation echoed throughout Asia among thousands of women who leave their countries to work as maids in more affluent neighbouring countries.
For many, these jobs bring a regular wage which contributes back home, but at a cost. Horror stories of abuse including rapes, beatings, burning with irons, and cases of exploitation and discrimination appear in the Asian press with alarming regularity.
In Singapore's worst case in 2002, a man who beat his Indonesian maid to death, was sentenced to 18 years in prison.
Earlier this month in Taiwan, a husband and wife were jailed for treated their Indonesian maid like a dog, eating leftovers and drinking water from the toilet bowl.
The Taiwanese court handed out a stiff penalty of 10 years to the husband as a show that it would not tolerate such abuse, however, to many the case highlighted how deep and strong the tide of discrimination still runs through Asia for foreign maids.
Hong Kong has more than 220,000 foreign maids - or domestic helpers. In Thailand there is an estimated 1.2 million migrant labourers, of whom 532,452 are legal. In Taiwan, the figure is around 160,000, while Malaysia has about 500,000 foreign maids.
They come from all over Asia in search of monthly wages ranging from 100 to 450 US dollars - mostly from countries such as the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka, but also from Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos and Mongolia.
Dolores Balladares, chairperson of United Filipinos in Hong Kong, says these workers make a valid contribution to society and economy of their employing country but get little recognition or help in return.
In Hong Kong for example, a two-week rule introduced in 1987 was targeted at only foreign maids, giving them just two weeks to find a new position if they lose their job before being sent back to their home countries - a condition that favoured employers, not the workers, says Balladares.
In 2003, the government began imposing a levy of 400 Hong Kong dollars on anyone who hires a foreign maid. Coming at a time when the minimum wage for foreign maids was slashed by the same amount, it has been criticized as an indirect tax and racial discrimination on one of the poorest working sectors of the former British colony.
Like many in Hong Kong, Balladares had pinned her hopes on a long overdue Race Discrimination Bill, which is still under discussion, only to be disappointed in its failure to adequately address problems faced by foreign maids.
In Thailand, a policy of registering foreign maids in an attempt to better regulate the flow and deflect some international criticisms has gone some way to help the conditions maids face. But the registration process is slow and costly, leading many to ignore it and therefore making them more vulnerable to abuse.
Last year, Malaysia and Indonesia signed a memorandum of understanding aimed at reducing the cases of abuse of Indonesian maids. This requires both employers and maids to sign personal contracts stipulating the agreed wage and for the maid to open bank accounts in their own names, when previously accounts had to be held in the name of the employer.
In Singapore, a government crackdown on maid abuse would appear to have eased the problem with cases falling from 157 in 1997 to 59 in 2005. Among the moves introduced to help them, are compulsory orientation classes for newcomers and first time employers and those who change maids frequently which outline their obligations and responsibilities toward their maids.
However, maids in Singapore are excluded under the Employment Act, which entitles workers to at least one day off a week but the Employment of Foreign Workers Act which only mandates one day off a week, a provision attack by Western human rights groups.
But the discrimination doesn't only exist within the legal framework of these countries, says Balladares, but also in a society where many maids experience racial abuse on the streets daily.
"It is very sad. We feel we contribute to the economy. We support the needs of many Hong Kong families but everywhere we go, the markets, the public parks, we get scolded and told to go.
"Ideally we'd like to see an end to the two-week rule, the levy and to see a wage increase. But we would also like some recognition from the government. Everytime there is a crisis, they tell us we should share the burden and cut our wage. Yet whenever there is a boom, they just forget us."
