Post-Crisis Construction Recovery Lagging

Ros Sothea, VOA Khmer
Phnom Penh Thursday, 03 June 2010

“We are watching the situation very closely, and we have seen that the construction sector is still in a downturn. There is still a reduction in local and foreign investment.”

Two years after the onset of the global economic crisis, Cambodia’s construction sector has struggled to recover, despite promising indicators in the country’s other economic earners.

Both garments and tourism have recovered some since the downturn, but officials say a lack of confidence from both local and foreign investors has stymied construction recovery.

“We are watching the situation very closely, and we have seen that the construction sector is still in a downturn,” Im Chamrong, directory general of the Ministry of Land Management’s construction department, told VOA Khmer. “There is still a reduction in local and foreign investment.”

The country’s real estate and construction sectors were booming through 2007 and into 2008, bolstered mainly by investment from South Korea, China and small investors. The rise of the real estate market made construction one of the economic pillars of the country, which, along with garments and tourism, helped make up a third of the country’s GDP.

Two years after the crisis, garment exports reached $603 million in the first quarter of the year, up from $562 million during the same period last year. The number of tourists has increased 10 percent for the same period, to more than 884,000. But in the real estate market, there is still a 50 percent or 60 percent decrease.

“Land and housing prices can’t be increased in 2010,” said Sung Bunna, president of the Real Estate Valuers Association. “Wait until 2011, and don’t hope that it will increase to the same rate as 2007 and 2008. It will increase very slowly until our economy looks stronger.”

Companies and Markets, a global research group based in London, expects a contraction of Cambodia’s construction sector this year. Recovery may have to wait until 2011, with a slow increase of 6 percent through 2014. That’s down from a growth rate of 19 percent before the downturn, according to the group.

Meanwhile, construction investment projects have also declined, though some, like Camko, Grand Phnom Penh, Posco and the Diamond Center, all in Phnom Penh, have continued.

The Ministry of Land Management reported a decline of 82 percent in construction project approvals, or just $159 million, in the first quarter of the year.

Seng Sopheal, a real estate appraiser for Cambodia Properties, Ltd., said the decrease came from a shortage of foreign capital.

A restriction in bank lending has also slowed the sector. Since early 2009, major commercial banks halted large loans, especially for real estate development. Those restrictions remain in place, as banks have sought to avoid risks.

“We don’t seek to provide loans for real estate development,” Stephen Higgins, CEO for ANZ Royal Bank, told VOA Khmer. “We may only do it in some special cases, but we don’t do it in general because generally a real estate loan is more risky than normal lending.”

Cambodia's economy hit hard by U.S. slowdown - IMF

PHNOM PENH, Sept 23 (Reuters) - Cambodia's economy, one of the fastest growing in Southeast Asia just two years ago, will probably contract by about 2.75 percent this year, hit hard by the slowdown in the United States, the IMF said on Wednesday. "The global economic crisis is having a larger impact on Cambodia's economy than previously anticipated," David Cowen, deputy division chief for the International Monetary Fund's Asia and Pacific Department, told a news conference.

However, the economy will rebound next year with growth of 4.25 percent, added Cowen, who led a team that recently met with local finance officials as part of an IMF mission to Cambodia.

After decades of war and upheaval, including the Khmer Rouge "killing fields", Cambodia witnessed an unprecedented boom before the global financial crisis struck, its economy expanding at around 10 percent annually in the five years leading up to 2008.

The growth, fuelled mainly by garment manufacturing, tourism and real-estate development, came to an abrupt halt during the global recession. Garment export volumes are likely to fall by 15 percent this year, hit by the weak U.S. economy, Cowen said.

Tourist arrivals have fallen by double digits, Cowen said, noting that recent signs of improvement may reflect day-tripping arrivals from across the border rather than wealthier tourists from other parts of the world whose spending lifts the economy.

"Exports are contracting. So we are likely to see negative export growth in Cambodia in 2009. Imports are contracting at an even faster rate," he added, noting that some of that reflected falls in fuel prices.

"The overall level of petroleum imports will be down quite significantly this year," he said.

He expected annual inflation of more than 5 percent near the end of 2009, rising further to about 6 percent next year.

Even though the economy remains one of Asia's smallest, with gross domestic product of around $8.9 billion, international investment had been rising sharply, flowing heavily into the hotel sector, before reversing course in the financial crisis.

Foreign direct investment probably nearly halved to an estimated $490 million this year from $815 million in 2008, with the drop led mainly by construction investment, Cowen said.

Large construction projects have slowed, new project approvals are sharply lower and imports of construction materials are down significantly from last year, he added.
"There's negative growth in construction imports and negative growth in consumer imports."

Bank lending for property was also down, he said, following a real-estate boom that turned the once-sleepy capital into a building site.

But Cambodia's vast agricultural sector, which makes up about 34 percent of the economy, has held up well, with a good harvest expected this year.

And there's ample liquidity in the banking system.

"There has been healthy deposit growth in the system as a whole this year, in part due to very attractive term deposit rates that banks are paying in Cambodia. We have expressed some concern that these high deposit rates could have some impact on bank profitability going forward."

(Writing by Jason Szep; Editing by Alan Raybould)

IMF economic outlook for Cambodia is bleaker than that of the ADB: 2.75% GDP contraction

IMF says Cambodia's economy will contract 2.75 per cent this year

Sep 23, 2009
DPA

Phnom Penh - The International Monetary Fund revised down its forecast for Cambodia's economy Wednesday, predicting that gross domestic product (GDP) would contract 2.75 per cent in 2009.

That is sharply lower than its previous forecast of a 0.5-per-cent drop.

The IMF figures follow the release of numbers Tuesday by the Asian Development Bank, which foresees Cambodia's economy contracting 1.5 per cent this year.

Speaking to reporters in Phnom Penh, IMF official David Cowen said the global economic crisis was having a more significant impact than previously expected on the kingdom's economy, which suffers from a narrow production base.

Cambodia's economy rests on four key pillars - agriculture, tourism, construction and garments. The last three have all been badly hit by the crisis.

The IMF noted in its press statement that agricultural production was 'a bright spot with a good harvest expected' this year.

'Investment in rural roads and irrigation systems should raise productivity and reduce operating costs in the period ahead,' the IMF stated.

But the three remaining pillars have performed worse than expected. Garment exports, for example, are expected to decline 15 per cent, a drop Cowen blamed in part on weak retail demand in the key US market, the destination for most Cambodian garments.

But he said the country also remains less competitive than other garment exporters in the region, and as a result has lost some market share to countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam.

Tourism too has been disappointing if measured by spending rather than actual visitor numbers. The IMF said arrivals by air - typically indicating higher-spending tourists - had fallen 'by double digits' due to the global economic crisis affecting visitor nations.

'As a consequence, overall tourism spending is sharply lower, despite the increase in same-day and land arrivals from neighbouring countries,' the IMF said.

The remaining pillar - construction - has been hit hard with many projects shelved or put on hold following a property boom that ended abruptly last year.

'New project approvals are sharply lower, and imports of construction materials are down significantly compared to 2008, with bank lending to the property [sector] also down,' the IMF noted.

Foreign direct investment is also expected to end the year sharply down, the IMF said, and is projected at 490 million US dollars this year versus an estimated 815 million US dollars last year.

The IMF expects a turnaround next year, with growth predicted at 4.25 per cent amid signs that the global downturn is bottoming out. However, it cautioned that the risks for Cambodia remain 'tilted to the downside,' a sharp reversal after a decade in which the nation regularly enjoyed annual double-digit growth.