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13 comments:
My own counts from the 19th and early 20th century dictionaries of siamese, 60% of the Thai vocabulary/words are directly borrowed from the Khmaer. A Thai nationalist, Vichetr Watkorn claimed in his Thailand Case (1941, 90% of Thai vocanblary are of Khmaen/Khmaer.
Yuon borrowed about 20% from the Khmer. For an example, "Troi dat oy" (Heaven and eath/Oh My God) are khmer. Trao from preah, Dat from dei(earth) oy is Khmer "euy". Number 1-5 are stolen from Khmer. The rest of Yuon langauge(1/3) are directly borrowed from the Chinese; the rest is Cham and French.
KHMER WORDS IN THE THAI LANGUAGE
Astonishing facts of Khmer influences in the Thai language (up to 40% or over 2500 words according to research):
* อิทธิพลของภาษาเขมรในภาษาไทยมีถึง ๔๐% ของภาษาไทยทั่วไป ที่เราเรียกกันว่า "กัมพุชพากย์" ซึ่งคนไทยทุกๆคนควรรู้ (...ถ้าเราเกลียดเขมร แล้วจะเอา คำเหล่านี้ออกจากภาษาไทย...ผมเชื่อว่าเราจะแย่กันแน่นอน!) ภาษาเขมรมีอิทธิพลในภาษาไทยมาช้านาน โดยมีหลักฐานชัดเจนย้อนหลังไปอย่างน้อยในสมัยกรุงศรีอยุธยา โดยปรากฏในปริบทต่างๆ ดังนี้
๑. ในวรรณคดี (เช่น ลิลิตยวนพ่าย, โคลงกำสรวล, คำฉันท์ดุษฎีสังเวยกล่อมช้าง) ได้แก่ เพ็ญ, พร, ไถง, ผกา, ผอูน, แข, อัญขยม, ฉนำ, ฉงน, จำรัส , กบาล, ละออ, ชิด, ลือ, ไพร, ดุจ, ดำรง, ฯลฯ
๒. ในภาษาพูดทั่วไป เช่น จมูก, ถนน, สพาน, เพลง, สระ, เสมียน, แห่, ขบวน, จบ, จำ, นำ, รำ, ยำ, ใน, นี้, ที่, ตาม, ยาม, คง, ช่วย, แนะนำ, วง, มูล, ก็, สม, สงสัย, พยายาม, ปัญหา, ภัย, ร่วม, รวบรวม, เรียบเรียง, เรียบร้อย, เรื่อง, รุ่งเรือง, เครื่อง, ครอบครอง, เคารพ, กังวล, สหาย, สนม, ทหาร, ชน, ชนบท, จ่าย, จำหน่าย, จัด, กำจัด, ตรวจ, ตำรวจ, อาจ, อำนาจ, เดิน, ดำเนิน, เกิด, กำเนิด, กด, กำหนด, ตรา, ตำรา, ตรวจ, ตำรวจ, อวด, อำนวด, ชาญ, ชำนาญ, เชิญ, อัญเชิญ, พร, อวยพร, แต่ง, ตำแหน่ง, นึก, รำลึก, เสร็จ, สำเร็จ, เสียง, สำเนียง, สรุป, สวด, สะอาด, ฉลาด, สนุก, สบาย, สว่าง, สร้าง, ก่่่อสร้าง, นาง, นาย, ตา, ยาย, แม่, ลา, ลาภ, ออกญา, สนม, เสียดาย, ขาด, ทุน, ข้อ, บวก, ร่วม, ราย, ประชาชน, ประชากร, ประจำ, ประกาศ, ประกวด, ประกอบ, ประมุข, ประณีต, ประดับ, กระจัด, กระจาย, กระแส, กระเบื้อง, จับ, จอง, ปัจจุบัน, ประมาณ, ปรากฏ, เสมอ, เสนอ, โรง, เรียน, รักษา, บำรุง, บำเรอ, บำรัส, บำบัต, บัง, แบบ, บาง, ละเอียด, ทราบ, ตะบอง, ตอบ, ต่อ, ตั้ง, เตือน, แถม, หรือ, สำหรับ, สำคัญ, ครบ, คิด, ผลิต, สัมผัส, โดย, ควร, เฉพาะ, เพราะ, เคาะ, เกาะ, กรุง, เขต, ตำบล, ทะเล, ทะเลสาบ, ฯลฯ
๓. ในราชาศัพท์ เช่น ขนง, โขนง, เขนย, เสวย, บรรทม, เสด็จ, สมเด็จ, พระองค์, พระนาง, พระเจ้า, กรมพระ, กรมหลวง, กรมขุน, ทรง, กราบ, ถวาย, ละออง, ธุลี, พระบาท, แถลง, ทูล, บังคม, ประชวน, ฯลฯ
๔. ในชื่อ จังหวัด เช่น กรุงเทพมหานคร, ศรีอยุธยา, สุโขทัย, นครราชสีมา, กาญจนบุรี, เพชรบุรี,ราชบุรี, ชัยภูมิ, กำแพงเพชร, ลพบุรี, นครนายก, ฉะเชิงเทรา, นครพนม, สุรินทร์, บุรีรัมย์, ศรีสะเกษ, อำนาจเจริญ ฯลฯ
๕. ในตัวเลขสิบตัว เช่น ๐, ๑, ๒, ๓, ๔, ๕, ๖, ๗, ๘, ๙
๖. เป็นแม่แบบอักษรไทยทั้ง ๔๖ พยัญชนะ และ สระ (ก่อนไทยเอามาแก้ให้สดวกง่ายขึ้นมา) ตัวอักษรเขมรที่ไทยใช้ตลอดมาและไม่ได้เปลี่ยนลักษณะ (ซึ่งเขมรยังใช้อยู่ปัจจุบันเหมือนกัน) เช่น ร, -ัั, -า, -ำ, -ิ, -ี, -ึ, -ื, -ุ, -ู, เ-, ฯ, ๆ, -็, -์, -ํ, ๏, ๚, ๛
Good timing? For a reconciliation effort we can look back to our past.
The quicker Thailand acknowledges its own history and connection with Cambodia, the easier relations can be restored.
Problem arises from new Thai nationalist who wants to separate everything Khmer and Thai because of the recent modern Thai progress in comparison to the war stricken Kampuchea. They are ashamed to be associated with Kampuchea even though their roots are started in the Khmer civilization.
Khmer Empire people lived in a million kilometer square in Southeast Asia.There were one and half million people dwelling in Angkor Thom capital. At that time,Khmer Empire Divided into twenty small kingdoms or states. Each state had a relative prince to be a head of state. Khmer prince head of small kingdom were unhappy with the Khmer Emperor at Angkor Thom,he fought back to get freedom. In that period,Tai or Thai came down from South west of China.This Tai worked with Khmer prince head of state to separate as a state called Siam.This new state used and practiced Khmer language and culture up today.Thai have had 80 percent Khmer blood,even the Thai kings are related to the Khmer kings. Thai and Khmer are relatives with pure blood. Thai don't be ashamed to get along well with each other;Thai should stop hating or fighting each other,both should live in peace.Love, respect,and help one other.Now we see Thai and Khmer history on this article as our witness.
It's surpremely or inflexibly interesting that a few white scholars are unashamedly claimed Khmer had borrow numbers from Siam.
Jestfully strange to say, when did Khmer ancestor initially build the magnificently monstrous temples?
Perhaps before 9 century to the late 13 or the early 14 century.
When did Siam people appear in Khmer empire?
12 or 13 century..,
My stupidity of simple common sense is did Khmer mathematically know how to count, in order to build the magnificently perfect square or rectangle temples?
Indefinably yes, indeed!
9:47PM
Do you have hard evidence that angkorian khmers know maths, or is it just speculation on your part?
To any Khmer (Cambodian) who maybe interested learning Thai language, it's easy because Thai emitated/copied from Khmer languages. I can speak Thai because Thai languages came from Khmer languages. Thai (Thailand)had copied from Khmer language centuries ago. All Khmer (Cambodia) should know the fact that Thai languages copied from Khmer language.
Like I always said, most of Thais are Khmer, real Thais were thieves chased away by Chineses from north, their letters look like Chinese letters. Thais actual letters came from Cambodian letters.
Then Thais must kick Thais who don't have Khmer blood, they own bandit gene, they don't deserve even to be boudhist.
My beloved 11:00PM!
Indefinably yes, my beloved Angkorian ancestors were mystically and intelligibly knowing the mathematic terms, one of the great advances in the history of human thought, in order to build any magnificently perfect square or rectangle temples, even though I did not have any writing Khmer books during Angkorian Empire, because after Siam invaded the last time, they burnt and destroyed all Khmer books.
10:00 PM, you cannot build if you don't use mathematic, monkey!
10:47 and 9:47
The western scholar is partly correct on that account.
The Khmer of Cambodia today does use a Tai phonetic or vocal number system from 30-90.
Here are are Tai vocalization:
Sam Sip (30), Se Sip (40), Ha Sip (50), Hoc Sip (60), Cet Sup (70), Pet Sip (80), Cao Sip (90)
This is the same in Khmer. But as for written numbering system, both Thai and Lao adapted the Khmer script in writing their number.
Ancient Khmers do not use the same vocal number systems we do today for small numbers in the 10s like the ones listed above.
Perhaps after counting from 0-29, our numbers stop. Maybe we don't have 30-90 because these number were deemed unnecessary and small? (A research should be done to clarify this)
However, even though the Khmer vocalization for 30-90 were substituted with Thai language, there isn't really a indication that Khmers could not count large quantities.
In fact when the number becomes large again, we see Khmer words used again for large numbers like 10,000 and 100,000. Mr. Hun Sen's last name is in fact a Khmer word for 10,000.
10:47 asked a fellow blogger to prove that Khmer had number system.
Obviously this is quite a trivial task.
One only have to read the inscriptions on the walls of Angkor Thom, Angkor Wat, Bantei Serei and all the temples contribution list to see that Khmers could enumerate and had names for large numbers.
We also know that Ancient Khmers are versed in Sanskrit and Pali (two very similar language). Both of these language have clear concepts on numbers. Since Khmer were educated in these scriptures, one also have to follow that they are exposed to the Sanskrit numbers and even Sanskrit mathematics.
Building the temples required Sanskrit sacred knowledge of numbers and measurement. Even building home today, Khmer still used lucky numbers and measurement according to Brahmanism.
I believe the branch of mathematic is an importance science that is cherished by all Sanskritic culture. Astrology would have been followed by Mathematic, which would have been followed by Architectural design and planning.
Inscriptions on the walls of Angkor tells us that the King is "verse in all the sciences, art, and philosophies" and that even the gods see and envy him. These verse were written in Sanskrit and mathematic is considered an important science in Sanskrit.
My beloved 11:10PM!
Thanks for historically but debatably enlightening me the past.
Ye confidently kinda agree with the Western Scholars who undoubtedly or unquestionably believe that Khmer Angkorian had borrow number "tens" from Siam.
I am confessingly an illiterate man, but contemptuously disagree with the Western scholars, because Khmer and Siam are not entirely differentiated as Bristain and American, therefore Siam simply not only Khmer language, but also numbers.
In addition, perhaps the Western scholars just carelessly compared Angkorian to Babylonians who did not understand what "no tens" or in tens position. The Western scholars also not completely believed that Hindus was firstly used zero(0) in their decimal system.
i know, we all know and the world know that siem plagiarized 95.9% of their language from khmer language, really! give credit to khmer is the least they can do to mend relationship, etc!
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