Khmer International UN-Paris Oct.23,1991's statement

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Khmer International UN-Paris Oct.23,1991

Hereafter, the excerpts of 5 fundamental articles containing in Oct.23,1991 Paris Agreement.

Article l:

1: Cambodia hereby solemnly undertakes to maintain, preserve and defend its sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality, and national unity; the perpetual neutrality of Cambodia shall be proclaimed and enshrined in the Cambodian constitution to be adopted after free and fair elections.

2: To this end, Cambodia undertakes:
(........).
d) To terminate treaties and agreements which are incompatible with its sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality, and national unity;

Article 2:

1: The other parties to this Agreement hereby solemnly undertake to recognize and to respect in every way the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodian.

2: To this end, they undertake
e) To refrain from using their territories or the territories of other States to impair the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia;

Article 3:

1: All persons in Cambodia shall enjoy the rights and freedoms embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other relevant international human rights instruments.

2: To this end,
a)Cambodia undertakes:
To ensure respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Cambodia
To support the right of all Cambodian citizens to undertake activities that would promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms;
To take effective measures to ensure that the policies and practices of the past shall never be allowed to return;
To adhere to relevant international human rights instruments;
b) The other parties to this Agreement undertake to promote and encourage respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Cambodia as embodied in the relevant international instruments in order, in particular, to prevent the recurrence of human rights abuses.

Article 4:

The parties to this Agreement call upon all other States to recognize and respect in every way the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia and to refrain from any action inconsistent with these principles or with other provisions of this Agreement.

Article 5:

1: In the event of a violation or threat of violation of the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality or national unity of Cambodia, or of any of the other commitments herein, the parties to this Agreement undertake to consult immediately with a view to adopting all appropriate steps to ensure respect for these commitments and resolving any such violations through peaceful means.

2: Such steps may include, inter alia, reference of the matter to the Security Council of the United Nations or recourse to the means for the peaceful settlement of disputes referred to in Article 33 of the Charter of the United Nations.

3: The parties to this Agreement may also call upon the assistance of the co-Chairmen of the Paris Conference on Cambodia.

4: In the event of serious violations of human rights in Cambodia, they will call upon the competent organs of the United Nations to take such other steps as are appropriate for the prevention and suppression of such violations in accordance with the relevant international instruments.

.........................................................

In short:

Article 1- Cambodia has to repeal treaties to defend its sovereignty..

• 2. other signatories including Vietnam and Thailand have to respect this sovereignty
• 3. Cambodia has to respect the Human Rights
• 4. The signatories have to not let any country violate Cambodia.
• 5. In the event of a violation of territorial integrity and of Human rights, the signatories and the 2 co-chairmen undertake to settle peacefully and/or to recourse to the Security Council of the United Nations.

Alas, 19 years after this Agreement, under the terms of these 5 articles, Khmer People clearly discover that their leaders have betrayed them: they didn’t respect this Agreement.

On the other hand, whoever royalist or communist, they uniquely think about their personal interests :

1. restoration of the Monarchy , for royalists and Shanouk ,
2. control of all powers, for communists and Hun Sen,

And, they all became puppets of Vietnam, whether they like it or not!.

To defend territorial Integrity of Cambodia, Khmer people should not expect anything from their leaders, nor believe in their promises in the next legislative elections. Again they will waste time!

Even from today, by all means, they have to oblige Cambodia ( article 1) and Vietnam (article 2) to annul immediately the treaties 1979-82-83-85 and the additive treaty 2005. They have the right to do it under the terms of this Agreement. The other 17 signatories have no right to prevent Khmer People from doing this action: they have the duty to help them (article 4).

I- What should be symbolic actions ?

As part of this International, Khmer people around the world will take all opportunities to burn peacefully, symbolically, with determination :

• the treaties 1979-82-83-85 and the additive treaty 2005, as a sign of immediate annulment of unfair treaties (non respect of article 1)
• the Hun Sen laws depriving Khmer people of their rights of public demonstration beyond 6 persons (contrary to the Universal Declaration of Human rights and to article 3 of Paris Agreement )
• the Vietnam flag and Indochina map, symbol of Vietnamese imperialism swallowing Cambodia and Laos to form Indochina under Vietnamese domination.

II-What are our objectives ?

1. to force Khmer leaders to annul immediately all bilateral treaties 1979, 82, 83, 85, and the 2005 treaty additive to the 1985 treaty, imposed by Vietnam, in the manner of master and slave. In fact, all Khmer leaders , without exception, including Sam Rainsy and Kem Sokha didn’t never dare expressly demand the annulment of these treaties (They back up Sihanouk for his specific purpose of the return of the 2nd Monarchy, at all costs . And Sihanouk supports Hun Sen and CPP. As Hun Sen and CPP control all powers and are the puppets of Vietnam, all Khmer leaders, including the king ,are obliged to support annexationist Vietnamese policy. And that is Cambodia continues to loss its sovereignty and its independence (contrary to article 1).
2. to notify Vietnamese immigrants (civil and militaries ) settled in Cambodia, that they are in grave danger and illegal vis-à-vis of Cambodian laws on immigration voted by National Assembly.
3. to force imperialist Vietnam, and signatory of Paris Agreement, to immediately annul these treaties, and withdraw 100 000 Vietnamese troops disguised as civil agents infiltrated and hidden in Cambodia. (article 2)
4. to inform UN, initiator of Paris Conference of October 23, 1991, and the Security Council over the non -respect of the Paris Agreement by Cambodia and Vietnam, and warn them of possible drift of Cambodian anger exasperated by the continuation of territorial annexation and massive presence of civil and military Vietnamese ( 5 - 6 million ?) in Cambodia. To Informer international community and Un’s state members, over grave consequences of instability and insecurity risks in the region, due to violation and non respect of this Agreement by Cambodia and Vietnam (article 5). To put them in their responsibility to oblige Cambodia and Vietnam to immediately annul all these treaties.
5. to inform other 16 participants and signatories of the Paris Conference (Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, the People’s Republic of China,, the Republic of India, Japan, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), and put them in their responsibility to consult together and demand to 2 co-presidents for finding solution or urgent calling of the Security Council of UN to statute on the non respect of this Accord. (article 5 )
6. to directly inform and warn the two co-presidents ( France , Indonésia) of the Paris conference. By virtue of this Agreement, these 16 signatories, once up-to-date of the violation, will take responsibility to inform the 2 co-presidents for their help and finding peaceful solution . ( article 5 )
7. to demand immediate annulment of laws, decrees and measures imposed by Hun Sen banning public demonstrations , often for the groundless reasons of public disorder: Ath Thun, union chief, risks to go to prison for having organized strikes demanding $US93 monthly salary in textile industry. (contrary to Universal Declaration of Human Rights and to article 3 of Paris Agreement).

III- Who should be targeted?

• The Khmer leaders including 123 MPs, 56 senators , and thus Hun sen, Sihanouk, Sihamoni, Chea Sim, Heng Samrin, and even Sam Rainsy and Kem Sokha ( MPs since 1993 ,but never dared to shout and demand annulment of all treaties, and always support Sihanouk to keep his throne , in exchange of the loss of territories !). They should to explain us over their reasons of the non annulment of all bilateral treaties 1979, 82, 83, 85. Why do they have voted , ratified and implemented the additive treaty 2005 imposed by Vietnam, legalizing previous treaties and sealing , by their action, territorial annexation of Cambodia ( non respect of article 1) ?
• Imperialist Vietnamese leaders should to explain Khmer People over their non respect of Paris Agreement : non-annulment of treaties 1979-82.83,85 and forced adoption of additive treaty 2005 added to treaty 1985,in Cambodia. Let’s recall that imperialist Vietnam have had already and illegally annexed the 1/3 of Cambodia ( Cochinchina or Kampuchea Krom ), on June 4, 1949, with the complicity of Sihanouk and France !.
• Vietnamese immigrants settled in Cambodia and militaries disguised as civil ( by virtue of successive treaties , decrees and following administrative measures …) ,would be considered , without hatred nor racism and nor xenophobia, as illegal settlers vis-à-vis of Cambodian laws of immigration voted by National Assembly . Let’s recall that , ahead of cession of Cochin china by France, Vietnam have had used the such immigration towards the South in Kampuchea Krom in order to first demographically occupy it.

IV- Over what reasons?

Over the non respect of Agreement, the non annulment of the treaties 1979-82.83,85, the forced adoption of additive treaty 2005, over the possible drift of Cambodian anger exasperated by the massive presence of civil and military Vietnamese, in the Cambodian territory, and over the pursuit of territorial annexation , of Vietnamese demographic implantation and colonization in Cambodia.

Khmer people should act loudly, by questioning , without a break, by creative means, personal, individual or collective (internet, TVs, radios, articles, writings, caricatures, poems , open or direct letters…),in diverse occasions and opportunities, at United Nations , in front of Cambodian and Vietnamese embassies, in Cambodia or abroad, at bilateral or international conferences…

To Write accusation letters , petitions, claiming … , and to send them to Khmer leaders : Hun Sen and his leading ministers , Heng Samrin and all MPs in National Assembly , Chea Sim and all senators, King Sihamoni and ex-King Sihanouk..You can participate immediately to this International by sending largely, and every where this Appeal.

To organize , everywhere, in Cambodia and throughout the world, protestations, demonstration, public expressions , actions of diverse forms, informally , individually or collectively… ( Diaspora, ONGs, associations, churches, pagodas, political parties, administration, army , police, unions, civil servants, union workers, peasants, shopkeepers, farmers…)

V- Who should we have to inform ?

• UN, initiator of Octobre 23, 1991 Paris Conference and the Security Council, over the non-respect of the content of the Agreement by Vietnam and Cambodia ( article 5 )
• the 16 other signatories ( Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Canada, the People’s Republic of China, the French Republic, the Republic of India, the Republic of Indonesia, Japan, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America, the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), and the international community , warning them of grave consequences over the peace of the region due to violation and non respect of the Agreement by Cambodia and Vietnam ( article 5 )
• the 2 co-presidents ( France, and Indonesia) of Paris Conference . By virtue of this Agreement, the 16 signatories once informed of this affair, would take dispositions to settle peacefully and/or refer to 2 co-presidents for their help to refer this affair to UN and the Security Council ( article 5 )

These peaceful actions and demonstrations, with determination, in accordance with the spirit of October 23, 1991 Paris Agreement will come to a stop when Cambodia and Vietnam will have annulled all these treaties , and when Kingdom of Cambodia will have respected article 3 of the treaty concerning Human Rights. If that’s the case, opportunity will come to give the voice to Khmer people in order to democratically elect their new leaders. Before this popular, collective and national Victory, all elections would be only masquerades, oppressions and treasons..

VI- Who should be concerned?

All Cambodians, without any exclusion, who will have acted in concrete terms , with intelligence, by all means personal , individual or collective , towards these objectives, will make honor to the Khmer nation. They will contribute to the movement success, and duly become part of the Khmer International UN-Paris Oct. 23, 1991 (International, nationalistic, friendly movement, spontaneous, informal, gathering all patriotic and independent Cambodians ).

The success of this Khmer International demands abnegation, perseverance, intelligence and determination. With its growing impact and its very large size, Khmer International will be able to force respect and enforcement of this Paris Agreement . Cambodians from abroad have to give the first momentum, and Cambodians in the Motherland have to boost their decisive force.
Let’s Recall that Vietnam, always insolent, daring pursue its annexation and its imperialism at the expense of Cambodia , since the cession of Cochinchina , on June 4,1991 by France to Vietnam, just because of the 1st Sihanouk’s Monarchy didn’t dare react, by fear of losing his throne offered by France. Today, let’s pay homage to the world Khmer Krom Federation (Cochinchina) that assumes alone its fight and claiming for Independence from Vietnam, without Cambodia’s help ( its motherland ) , and without help from Sihanouk, responsible of shameful renunciation. It’s what exactly happens today: by fear of loss his 2nd throne, Sihanouk and his family told King Sihamoni to sign the additive treaty 2005 , under the threat of Hun Sen, puppet of Vietnam. Every year, since its restoration, this Monarchy receives , for its survival , about 15 million dollars from the puppet state CPP.

Like this, with puppet CPP’s help , Hanoi insolently continues challenging, as usual, the international community by prolonging unfair treaties 1979, 82, 83, 85 and by imposing the additive 2005 treaty , as if nothing had happened, to insidiously swallow Cambodia. Hence, by diversion, the celebration of Jan. 7, glorifying Vietnam ‘s action instead of condemning it as pure invasion of Cambodia.

Recently , Hanoi has avoided to condemn attack with knife by 200 Vietnamese over a group of 22 Khmers krom attending the 66th Anniversary of National Independence of Vietnam, in the province of Raung Damrey ( renamed Tay Ninh by Vietnam, like many other annexed khmer krom towns and villages), just because they have dared reveal their Khmer krom identities ( 2 killed : Chau Net and Chau Phat, and several injured treated in hospital). If we continue to let Hanoi violate our sovereignty, at the beginning of 21st century, Vietnam will surely realize its dream of Great Indochina including Laos and Cambodia under its domination.

Dear compatriots, following my analysis, the final, peaceful and legal victory will be in our reach. First, join together to preserve our Nation and Motherland!

Khmer international UN-Paris Oct. 23, 1991 will stop existing if the pursued objectives in common here above will have been reached!

OU CHAL
DEA of Philosophy, Sorbonne Paris
DESS Informatique Documentaire, Lyon III & ENSSIB
President MKRGV
(Memorial of Khmer Rouge Genocide’s Victims)
Secretary General, MOULKHMER
Khmer International UN-Paris Oct.23.1991’s Initiator