Genocide suspect faults US

29 November 2011
Seth Mydans (Flashback)

A Khmer Rouge leader told last week that a secret campaign of US bombing during the Vietnam War had contributed to the rise of the radical Communist movement that ravaged Cambodia three decades ago in one of the bloodiest episodes of mass killing in the last century.

The leader, Khieu Samphan, 80, the regime’s head of state, also challenged the court to put former King Norodom Sihanouk on trial with him because the former king had previously held what Khieu Samphan called the same powerless titular position with the Khmer Rouge.

Khieu Samphan is one of three Khmer Rouge leaders charged in a UN-backed tribunal with genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity that resulted in the deaths of 1.7 million people when they held power between 1975 and 1979.

“You seem to forget that between January 1970 and August 1973 – that is, the period of two and a half years – the United States carpeted the small Kampuchean territory with bombs” in a campaign aimed at cutting off North Vietnamese infiltration into South Vietnam. Kampuchea is the name used by the Khmer Rouge for Cambodia.

The bombing, together with a US-backed coup that ousted then-Prince Sihanouk as head of state, inspired many Cambodians to join the Communist resistance, often responding to a call to arms by the prince.

“Could you imagine what my country faced after such a bloody killing and war?” asked Khieu Samphan. “Can you imagine what the situation was like for the Cambodian people and the country as a whole during such carpet bombings?” A second defendant, Ieng Sary, 86, the former foreign minister, spoke only briefly, challenging the jurisdiction of the court and noting that he had received a royal pardon and amnesty when he surrendered from the Khmer Rouge guerrilla movement in 1996. The court has ruled that that amnesty does not apply to its proceedings.

Like Khieu Samphan, the third defendant, Nuon Chea, 85, also sought to put the Khmer Rouge period into historical context when he spoke by saying it had been part of a struggle against Vietnamese ambitions to 
annex Cambodia and exterminate 
its people.

On Wednesday, one of Nuon Chea’s lawyers, Michiel Pestman, issued a statement saying that Henry Kissinger, the former US secretary of state, should also be put on trial for war crimes as “possibly the main architect of the bombing campaign 
in Cambodia.”

“Most historians agree that without this American intervention the Khmer Rouge would not have been able to seize power,” Pestman said. “Without Kissinger we would not be here today.” The references to US culpability are clearly aimed at the public and the historical record, since the charges in this case are strictly limited to the Khmer Rouge period in power from 1975 to 1979. In the tribunal’s first case, Kaing Guek Eav, or Duch, the commandant of the main Khmer Rouge prison, Tuol Sleng, was sentenced in July 2010 to 35 years, commuted to 19 years.

Khieu Samphan, who before going underground was a teacher and legislator known for riding his bicycle to Parliament in a gesture of frugality, spoke forcefully about his ideals and his innocence, gripping his typed remarks with both hands and holding them up at eye level.

Rebutting the prosecutors’ contention that he must have known about atrocities because he had often traveled through the country, Khieu Samphan said, “Do you really think that when I visited these work sites, alone or accompanied by the king, workers were being murdered in front of us with hoes or bullets in the back of the neck?” He disparaged the prosecutors’ claim that party leaders were responsible for an abusive policy of forced marriage, in which reluctant couples were sometimes spied on to confirm that they had consummated their union.

As in previous sessions, the courtroom was packed with villagers who had been bused from the provinces and with groups of white-shirted students.