Japan boosts military purchases as China row simmers

Japan's pacifist constitution limits its military
to a self-defensive role (AFP Photo/Yoshikazu Tsuno)

By Shingo Ito, Dec. 18, 2013

Tokyo (AFP) - Japan announced Tuesday it will buy stealth fighters, drones and submarines as part of a splurge on military hardware that will beef up defence of far-flung islands amid a territorial row with China.

The cabinet of hawkish Prime Minister Shinzo Abe agreed to spend 24.7 trillion yen ($240 billion) between 2014 and 2019 in a strategic shift towards the south and west of the country -- a five percent boost to the military budget over five years.

The shopping list is part of efforts by Abe to upgrade the military in Japan, which has been officially pacifist since defeat in World War II. Its well-equipped and highly professional services are limited to a narrowly defined self-defensive role.

"Can we really protect the lives of citizens and our state simply by (exercising) the right to individual self-defense?" Abe asked rhetorically at a meeting of a government panel of security experts Tuesday, Kyodo news agency reported.

The large-scale spending on military hardware comes as Japan establishes a US-style National Security Council that is expected to concentrate greater power in the hands of a smaller number of senior politicians and bureaucrats.

'Proactive pacifism'

Japan announced it will buy stealth fighters, drones
& submarines as part of a splurge on military hardware
that will beef up defence of far-flung islands. 

Fears are growing in Japan over the rising power of China, with the two countries embroiled in a dispute over the sovereignty of a group of islands in the East China Sea, and the perennial threat posed by an unpredictable North Korea.

The new guidelines approved by the cabinet on Tuesday call for Japan to boost its missile defence system to counter "a grave and imminent threat" from North Korea.

Pyongyang conducted its third nuclear test in February, following a rocket test in December 2012.

The guidelines also demand a "dynamic joint defence force", intended to help air, land and sea forces work together more effectively.

Abe said the shift would allow Japan's military to better shoulder its responsibilities on the global stage.

"We hope to make further contributions to the peace and stability of the international community through proactive pacifism," he said. "This shows with transparency our country's diplomatic and defence policies."

US Secretary of State John Kerry said on a visit to Manila Tuesday that his country backed the newly-announced re-armament plan, saying it had been planned with the United States beforehand.

"Japan has the ability to play a more modern, engaged role (in the region). This is something we have been working on, and they have been planning for some period of time," he told reporters.

Spending will be raised to 24.7 trillion yen over five years from April 2014, up from the present 23.5 trillion yen over the five years to March 2014, but the figure could be trimmed by up to 700 billion yen if the defence ministry can find savings and efficiencies.

New hardware will include two destroyers equipped with the Aegis anti-missile system and 28 new F-35 fighter jets, a stealth plane far superior to the F-15s that Japan currently has in service.

Japan will also purchase three drones, 52 amphibious vehicles, 17 Osprey hybrid choppers and five submarines -- all designed to boost maritime surveillance and bolster defence of islands.

Replacing obsolete equipment

Analysts noted that much of this kit will replace obsolete equipment, but the reorientating in military priorities is evident.

"The guidelines underscore a clear shift of Japan's major defence focus to the protection of its islands in the East China Sea," said Hideshi Takesada, an expert on regional security at Takushoku University in Tokyo.

During the Cold War, Japan's military was largely static, with the majority of resources in the north and east to guard against any invasion by Russia.

But changing dynamics and in particular the rise of China -- where double-digit jumps in defence spending are the annual norm -- mean that Japan's armed forces need to be located farther south and to be able to deploy to the country's many far-flung islands.

"The guidelines show Japan's readiness for practical defence if China's bluff turns to be real military action," Takesada said.

Regional tensions were ratcheted up last month when China abruptly declared a new Air Defence Identification Zone over the East China Sea, including over disputed Tokyo-controlled islands called Senkaku in Japanese and Diaoyu in Chinese.

In Beijing, where memories of Japan's brutal rampage last century refuse to fade, foreign ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said it was watching Tokyo carefully.

"Asian countries and the international community, including China, cannot but pay high attention and stay on high alert to Japan's relevant moves," she said.

"Japan should not make empty calls for peace and it should make honest, real actions and play a constructive role for regional peace and stability."