Royal mugging raises fears

Friday, 08 May 2009
Written by SAM RITH AND ROBBIE COREY-BOULET
The Phnom Penh Post

Officials have expressed concern that coverage of attempted mugging of Princess Eugenie’s friend could affect tourism; others say crimes on rise

THE reported mugging of Princess Eugenie of York's friend thrust Cambodia into the international spotlight this week - not exactly the kind of publicity the government wants for the so-called Kingdom of Wonder, particularly as officials work to repair a tourism sector battered by the economic crisis.

The high-profile attack on Britain's sixth-in-line to the throne reignited a longstanding debate: Is Phnom Penh seeing a rise in aggravated theft, as anecdotal evidence suggests, or is crime in the capital down, as police statistics indicate?

The government tried to paint Eugenie's incident as anomalous even as it vowed to improve policing at popular tourist destinations.

"We are deeply sorry for what happened to Princess Eugenie and her friends and hope very much that the group will soon be able to put the incident, if there was any ... behind them and remember Cambodia for its many attractions," wrote Hor Nambora, Cambodia's ambassador to Britain, in a press release issued Wednesday.

The release, from the Cambodian embassy in London, sought to "reassure that Cambodian police and security services have always stepped up patrols in areas most popular with foreigners in Phnom Penh" as well as near "the stunning Angkor Wat temple complex" and in Sihanoukville.

"We are deeply sorry for what happened to Princess Eugenie."

A high-ranking official at the Ministry of Tourism, who spoke on condition of anonymity, said he and his colleagues "were upset when we heard about the case", adding that they had approached officials at the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and elsewhere to ask them "to prevent this from happening in the future".

But Kong Sophearak, director of statistics at the ministry, downplayed reports of concern among officials there, saying, "This will not have much impact on the tourism sector."

Elizabeth Evans, deputy head of mission at the British embassy in Phnom Penh, said the incident would not affect travel advisories distributed to British nationals.

She said via email that the embassy - which tracks crimes reported by British citizens and others for whom the embassy has consular responsibility - did not have "substantive evidence of a significant increase that would justify a change to the travel advice" it produces.

Bag-snatching increase?

Yet others who track crime in Phnom Penh said the incident involving Princess Eugenie could be part of a broader, underreported increase in such attacks.

"We've certainly had an uptick in crime in the past couple of weeks," said John Johnson, spokesman for the US embassy, which tracks crimes committed against US nationals and other foreigners.

Others said the increase had been more prolonged. Am Sam Ath, senior monitor for the rights group Licadho, said he had observed an increase in bag-snatching throughout the first few months of the year, adding that he believed joblessness and drug use were at the root of the problem. Theary Seng, executive director of the Centre for Social Development, also said the trend had been building for months, adding that she believed it would continue "due to the global financial crisis".

Chris Chipp, an independent security consultant based in the capital, also cited economic turmoil as a contributor to what he described as an ongoing increase.

For his part, Phnom Penh Municipal Police Chief Touch Naruth disputed claims that there had been a recent increase in bag-snatching.

"We are actually reducing the number of bag-snatching cases a lot," he said, adding that officers were "continuing to strengthen" the police presence in "targeted areas", notably at busy intersections.

But Chipp, who does not work with government law enforcement agencies, said most bag-snatchings go unreported because victims do not expect any tangible benefits to result from bringing their cases to the police.

Expatriates are reluctant to report crimes, he said, "because they know in the back of their minds that nothing is going to be done". Cambodians often elect not to report them, he said, "because they're going to have to pay the cops off" to get them to take any action.

Chipp, former country manager of the UK-based G4S Security Services, said he believed Phnom Penh's streets had become less safe during his two years here, a trend he attributed largely to the limited police presence, particularly at night.

"You take a look at night after 5 o'clock - tell me where there's a cop," he said. "You need to call them. And nine out of 10 times after you call them, you need to pay them."

He said the typical bag-snatching involves "young Cambodian guys on a moto" who either target people riding in tuk-tuks or "cruise up and down a street looking for someone walking alone in a darker area".

This description rings true for Jessica Crowe, 24, an Australian tourist who was the victim of a bag-snatching on Saturday night. Walking with two friends near the intersection of Street 178 and Street 19, she said, she "felt something tugging" on her bag, which was slung over her shoulder.

The strap broke, she said, and the man who had been pulling on her bag - which contained an iPod, mobile phone and US$350 - then grabbed it and jumped on a motorbike driven by an accomplice. As they drove away, she said, the man pulled out a "dark gun-shaped object" and pointed it in their direction.

"I wasn't expecting it," Crowe said. "We were just walking between two bars that were quite close." She said the incident occurred on an "empty block" that was "not well-lit", adding, "There didn't seem to be much of a police presence out."

Little Fear After Princess Robbery

By Chun Sakada, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
07 May 2009

Despite the high-profile robbery of a friend of a British royal last month, foreign tourists on the streets of Phnom Penh said this week they had little reason to worry for their safety.

British media reported this week the purse-snatching of a friend of Princess Eugenie, granddaughter to Queen Elizabeth and sixth in line to the throne. Police have been unable to find the culprits, but tourists say they have little fear themselves.

Pietje Pul, a 28-year-old tourist from Belgium, was walking along the riverside in a popular Phnom Penh tourist area on a recent night, around 8 pm.

“We are very happy to visit Cambodia,” he said. “And we do not think of our own security and safety because the Cambodian government protects our safety.”

Ho Vandy, chairman of the Cambodia Tourism Association, said he had seen no signs of tourist fear following the robbery, but he said the police should find the muggers and ensure the safety of foreign tourists.

Phnom Penh Municipal Police Chief Touch Naroth said police had no information yet, “but we are investigating.”

“We’ve deployed our security forces to protect the foreign tourists, and we will not allow any crime on foreign tourists,” he said.

Cambodia last year welcomed more than 2 million tourists, who brought in about $1 billion in revenue.

Empathy and Peace: Lessons Learned in Cambodia

On the streets of Phnom Penh, the author learned an unlikely lesson. Photograph by Pushpa Iyer.

February 18, 2009
By Pushpa Iyer
The Women's International Perspective

It was close to 8pm on a Saturday two months ago. I was walking down a big, busy street in Phnom Penh, Cambodia with a colleague, returning to our hotel after having dinner. As we passed a poor section of the city, I felt a slight movement behind me. When I turned my head, someone put their hands around my neck, strangling and almost choking me. In those few moments, the only thought in my head was: someone’s trying to kill me! Seconds later when I screamed, I felt a tug at the gold chain around my neck as my assailant let go. I was being robbed! The realization was a relief, and more so when I found my chain in the collar of my shirt - broken but still there.

Walking hurriedly back to the hotel - in the minutes afterwards and even now - I don’t feel lucky or relieved. I am traumatized, angry, afraid and highly emotional. As the incident keeps flashing before my eyes, I know what troubles me most - not the tight hands of this man around my neck, but the exact moment when I felt him let go and opened my eyes to see his back as he ran away from me. In that moment, I saw the hundreds of people who stood around watching me. Not one person moved a foot, not one person walked up to ask if I was okay. The feeling of ‘being alone in a crowd’ is something I have experienced before but the spectacle of all these mute observers who did nothing to help when I was most vulnerable, disturbs me immensely.

I stayed for another week in Phnom Penh. I was there to teach conflict resolution courses in a Masters program for practitioners from all over Asia and had no intentions of quitting and returning to the “safety” of home. Of course, this attempted theft could have happened anywhere in the world. The lack of reaction from the crowd was, however, unlike any experience I had ever had before - why didn’t anyone help me in Phnom Penh that day?

Studies on Bystander Effect and intervention during crime conclude that the greater the number of observers, the lesser the chances of someone intervening to help as most will simply wait for someone else in the crowd to step forward. These studies, also known as Diffusion of Responsibility theories, suggest that if the victim seeks help from a particular individual, there is a greater chance of intervention. I did not ask anyone for help that day in Phnom Penh.

It was the topic of conversation for the whole week as my colleagues, who came from different parts of the world, debated the issue. We discussed how south and south-east Asian cultures, as collectivist, value people helping one another. So, was Cambodia different? Did the Cambodian genocide impact the way Cambodians react to attacks on one another, to the violence around them?

From 1975 to 1979, the Khmer Rouge, a communist party led by Pol Pot, ruled Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge forced mass exodus from Cambodia’s cities to the rural areas, making everyone work in collective farms; they abolished political and civil rights, especially targeting intellectual and educated people whom they did not consider useful and saw as a threat to their extremist ideology. Over two million people lost their lives. Many of them died because of starvation and illnesses; but an equal number was tortured and killed, and society as a whole, suffered immense physical and mental trauma.

Poverty in Cambodia is widespread, contributing to the country's rising levels of violence. Photograph by Pushpa Iyer.

Plenty of studies point to this psychological trauma that has still not been adequately addressed in Cambodian society. Not only does trauma create fear, insecurity and lack of trust, but it also leads to avoidance, denial and a lack of responsibility – in this case, any kind of collective social responsibility. Many scholars have discussed the lack of individual accountability for actions or inaction in Cambodian society, which often assigns blame or credit to supernatural forces outside the realm of the individual.

Sadly common for a society that is trying to rebuild itself after decades of war and violence, crime in Cambodia is on the rise. According to the 2007-2008 Human Development Report, Cambodia ranks 131 out 177 countries on the Human Development Index. The Human Poverty Index for Cambodia is 38.6 – it ranks 85th among 108 developing countries for which the index has been calculated. Poverty and crime are invariably linked, which when coupled with high levels of corruption, fosters impunity, fear and a sense of helplessness. Having worked extensively with the very poor in India, I deeply sympathize with those who resort to extreme measures and are often forced to engage in these acts of crime to feed their families. As a social activist, I was – and still am – driven by a need to face this “chain-snatcher” and chide him for what he has done, while also giving him a sympathetic ear.

I never went back to that area of Phnom Penh to go find my assailant partly due to a language limitation and an overwhelming sense of fear from this physical violation. I returned to Monterey to tell my story to colleagues, friends and students, and once again, I was taken aback by the response. Most often it seemed as if people were desperate to avoid the topic and my tears (which flowed in the initial weeks after returning home), or they inevitably offered a suggestion to go see a therapist. I did get support from close friends and a few others who had gone through similar experiences, and interestingly, I heard stories of those who had been victims of crime in Mexico, New York and elsewhere where ‘no one came’ to help.

I study and teach the sources and origins of conflicts and the various strategies we can develop to stem further conflicts. I invariably drew parallels between this incident of crime and the violent, conflicted world we live in today. It is simply amazing how paralyzed we can become as a population. Whether it is because of shock, apathy, fear, or just feeling incredibly overwhelmed, the inability or unwillingness to act is becoming more common. What is most disturbing is to realize how desensitized we have becomes to the horrors of the world.

After decades of war and unspeakable crimes against humanity, Cambodian society struggles to reconcile the past and build a better future. Photograph by Pushpa Iyer.

Have you ever caught yourself picking up a newspaper and reading the headlines about the terrible violence in Congo, Gaza, Iraq, Afghanistan or Sri Lanka, sighing deeply only to turn to the next page with just a shrug? We certainly can’t walk around all day exclusively focused on these tragedies, because if we did, we simply would not be able to function “normally”. Yet sometimes I wonder if in the need to function “normally” or to be “happy”, we forget to, or avoid expressing our moral outrage, from speaking out and taking a stand. In the days following this incident, I was consumed with anger, sadness, fear, outrage, and on a good day, amusement - at what had happened to me in Cambodia but more so with the reactions I received here in the US. I laid it all out in my class lectures on empathy – the need to put oneself in the shoes of another - because it’s important to learn to be comfortable when others express their emotions. I told my conflict resolution students that this simple act is, in itself, a huge step forward in bringing a resolution to conflicts.

I also talked to my students about social justice and social activism. We discussed the need to understand where different people (including the guy who strangled and choked me) are coming from, and the need to create social change. Just standing by and watching is a crime – one we try impossibly to justify through our fear and helplessness – but a crime all the same. What the world needs today is our outrage against violence, our willingness to take a stand, to speak out and take some action, so that ultimately, we don’t just get away by pointing blame at someone else.

These past two weeks, I have been back in Cambodia, leading a course titled “Challenges to Peacebuilding in Cambodia” - the underlying objective of which is to learn to develop empathy and understanding for the wide variety of actors who are trying to rebuild Cambodian society. Thirteen graduate students from the Monterey Institute for International Studies where I teach were travelling with me. Our field research took us to three cities – Siem Reap, Battambang and Phnom Penh. We met with a variety of people, visited NGOs, talked to government officials, visited the genocide museum and observed the ongoing Tribunal in Cambodia that was set up to bring justice to the victims of the genocide. While we had many questions, we focused on listening to the people on the ground – their frustrations, their challenges and tried to empathize with their feelings of the past and their hopes for the future. For it is only in understanding their world view that we may be able to support them in their struggle to find peace after years of devastating violence and divisive suppression.

About the Author
Pushpa Iyer is Assistant Professor and Program Coordinator of Conflict Resolution at the Graduate School for International Policy Studies at the Monterey Institute for International Studies. Before coming to the United States for her Ph.D. studies, she worked among the poor and marginalized through a local NGO in her home state of Gujarat, India. With that, she began her passionate and deep involvement in issues related to the empowerment of women and human rights. She also worked to bring peace between the divided Hindu and Muslim communities of Gujarat.

In the US, she has continued her work through her involvement with women prisoners and the victims of domestic abuse. She remains a strong advocate for the rights of the girl child, the women and other minorities in India. She has consulted for different NGOs and institutions including the World Bank, which took her back to India, Sri Lanka and the Philippines.