Paris, April 30, 2006
Presentation by Mr. Sean Péngsè
April 30, 2006
Presentation by Mr. Sean Péngsè
April 30, 2006
CHRONOLOGY
OF THE SIGNING OF THE UNEQUAL AND ILLEGAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
BETWEEN THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (SRV) AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KAMPUCHEA (PRK) ON THE BORDERS OF CAMBODIA
OF THE SIGNING OF THE UNEQUAL AND ILLEGAL TREATIES AND AGREEMENTS
BETWEEN THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM (SRV) AND THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KAMPUCHEA (PRK) ON THE BORDERS OF CAMBODIA
January 7, 1979 - Invasion and occupation of Cambodia by the armies of "volunteer recruits" from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV).
January 12, 1979 - Creation of the People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK).
February 18, 1979 - "Treaty for Peace, Cooperation and Friendship" concluded by Pham Van Dong, Prime Minister for Vietnam, and Heng Samrin, President of the People’s Revolutionary Council of Kampuchea (1).
July 7, 1982 - "Agreement on Historical Waters" signed by the Foreign Ministers Nguyen Co Thach and Hun Sen (2).
July 20, 1983 - "Treaty on the principle of the resolution of border issues" and "Agreement on border statute" concluded between Nguyen Co Thach and Hun Sen (3).
December 27, 1985 - "Treaty on the delimitation national border" concluded between Nguyen Co Thach and Hun Sen (4).
March 12, 1986 - Declaration of Mr. Son Sann, Prime Minister for the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) led by Prince Norodom Sihanouk (5).
October 23, 1991 - Signing of the Paris Peace Agreements on Cambodia (6).
December 14, 1992 - Declaration from Peking by Prince Norodom Sihanouk (7).
January 16, 1995 - Report – not a treaty nor an agreement – of the visit of Prince Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to Hanoi (8).
March 22-27, 1999 - Official report of the 1st meeting of the "Vietnamese-Cambodian Joint Committee on the border issue" held at Ho-Chi-Minh City (9).
December 22, 2000 - Decision of the Council of Ministers to prepare a "supplemental treaty" to the 1985 Treaty concluded between the SRV and the PRK (10).
May 27, 2002 – CBC Letter sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, denouncing the violations of the 1991 Paris Agreements on the territorial integrity of Cambodia by Vietnam. An acknowledgement of the reception of CBC letter was sent back on July 1, 2002. The letter was also sent to the Phnom-Penh Government (11).
June 2002 - Reactions from the involved Cambodian authorities, the news media, the Cambodia’s Border Committee, etc… regarding the harmful consequences of these treaties (12).
Beginning of March 2003: Delay by the Hun Sen Government to sign the supplemental treaty to the 1985 SRV-PRK Treaty.
July 2003: Election campaign, Funcinpec and the SRP declared their support for the abrogation of the border treaties concluded under the Vietnamese occupation.
January 3, 2004: According to VOA, quoting "a source from the Royal Palace," a Vietnamese delegation led by Nguyen Van Son, during its visit on December 28, 2003, requested King Norodom Sihanouk to recognize the SRV-PRK treaties on the borders between Vietnam and Cambodia. It was met with the King’s refusal.
July 08, 2004: Hun Sen and Norodom Ranariddh impose on the National Assembly a hand vote on the constitutional legalization of the "package vote" in order to form the new Government of coalition with Funcinpec.
October 7, 2004: Abdication of His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk.
October 14, 2004: Accession to the throne by King Norodom Sihamoni with the unanimous approval of the Throne Council.
March 31, 2005: "Open Letter" from Peking by King-Father Norodom Sihanouk proposing the neighboring countries to proceed to the verification of the borders delineation based of maps published by the US army.
April 27, 2005: Formtion by the government of the Supreme National Council on Border Affairs (SNCBA). King-Father accepts to be the representative of the King and to preside over the Council.
May 11, 2005: First and single meeting of the SNCBA in Beijing, based on a convocation from King-Father. A CBC delegation was also invited to participate (13).
June 14, 2005: Hun Sen denounces the "abuses" of the SNCBA and creates a National Authority in charge of Border Affairs (NABA) which has the capacities to negotiate and conclude treaties with neighboring countries, and placed it under the sole charge of Hun Sen.
October 10, 2005: Hun Sen concludes in Hanoi the "Supplemental Treaty" to the 1985 SRV-PRK treaty.
November 11, 2005: Adoption by the National Assembly of the "Supplemental Treaty" to the Treaty of border delimitation (between the SRV and the PRK) dated December 27, 1985" (14)
November 30, 2005 - King Preah Bôromneath Norodom Sihamoni ratifies the "Supplemental Treaty to the treaty of border delimitation (between the SRV and the PRK) dated December 27, 1985." Hanoi and the CPP announce their "historical victory" (15).
See also other reactions to the ratification of the "Supplemental Treaty" by King Preah Bôromneath Norodom Sihamoni (16).
------------------------------
NOTES:
(1) After its invasion/occupation of Cambodia, on January 7, 1979, Vietnam’s objective is to cancel all the former recognitions on the territorial integrity of Cambodia made at the 1954 Geneva Conference and the repeated recognition pledges (of North Vietnam and South Vietnam) from 1962, 1967 etc.…
At that time, the Cambodian authorities in Phnom-Penh, which was installed by the Vietnamese army, were lacking in everything and they were propped up at all the levels with Vietnamese "experts". Obviously, they could only agree to all the decisions imposed on them by these experts.
(2) Mr. Hun Sen, for the first time in our History, recognizes the ownership by Vietnam of these Cambodian islands (Koh Trâl and Koh Krachâk Sés or Poulo-Panjang) which were always defended by the successive Cambodian governments. This recognition is a-priori against the International Convention of Vienna dated May 23, 1969 on the Right of Treaties.
The Republic of Singapore denounced at the UN the 1986 treaty.
However, based on this treaty, Thailand and Vietnam signed the July 7, 1997 Agreement on the delimitation of their respective maritime border. Each country can then annex 30,000 sq. km. of Cambodia’s maritime space.
The Governor General of Indochina did not recognize Koh Trâl as belonging to Vietnam in his letter dated January 31, 1939. In 1957, King Norodom Suramarit specified that "Cambodia reserves to maintain its historical rights on Koh Trâl."
Prince Sihanouk, then President of the Council of Ministers, asked Mr. Lon Nol, the Minister of National Defense, to install a lighthouse on Poulo-Panjang.
(3) Beginning of the sisterhood pairing of provinces and cities between the two countries and the reciprocal assistance of people living along border areas, with the establishment of Vietnamese people in Cambodia. Circular of Mr. Chan Si dated October 9, 1983 (opening of 8 passages by roads and along the Mekong river) and, later, that of Mr. Hun Sen.
Creation of an "Indochinese Triangle of Development" in 1999 completes this project.
(4) Recognition of the demarcation of land borders following the agreements dated July 20, 1983, July 13, 1984 and December 8, 1984 as well as the demarcation performed between 1986 and 1988 starting from the common borders between Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam all the way down to the Cambodia-Vietnam borders in the province of Kampot.
The legal and legitimate Resistance Government denounced this illegal and unequal treaty on March 12, 1986.
March 8, 2006, Prime Minister Phan Van Khai was in Phnom Penh to sign the help provided to Cambodia for the production of border markers between the two countries following the conclusion of the supplemental treaty in Hanoi on October 10, 2005, adopted on November 11 by the National Assembly, on November 25, 2005 by the Senate, and promulgated by the King on November 30, 2005 under Mr. Hun Sen’s pressure – accompanied with terrorizing measures and public threats against the monarchy itself..
(5) The declaration rejects and condemns all the agreements, conventions and treaties concluded between Vietnam and the Phnom-Penh authorities.
(6) Cambodia is committed to put to an end to all treaties and agreements which are incompatible with its territorial sovereignty, its independence, its integrity and its inviolability, its neutrality and its territorial unity.
(7) The territorial integrity of Cambodia which prevailed up to 1969 no longer exists. On the eve of 1993, Cambodia is losing its soul, its independence, its sovereignty and its territorial integrity.
(8) Two prime ministers are leading the government following the first legislative election in 1993. The second prime minister was Mr. Hun Sen. It is a first in the World’s history. It would be interesting for the benefit of those who do not understand this fact, that someone would do research and write his/her thesis on this subject.
It is neither a treaty nor an agreement.
Regarding the border issues, this report notes that "the parties possess documents from the 80s which can be considered as bases of good law" etc....
The Prince belongs to FUNCINPEC which is part of the CGDK, along with the NFLPK and the DK, the three parties which fought against the Vietnamese invasion and the Phnom-Penh authorities. Counting thousands of dead during a decade, the 3 parties were the defenders of the territorial integrity of Cambodia. Therefore, they should abide by the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements, at the minimum
(9) According to this official report, the two parties agree on the general principles regulating the negotiation and the resolution of border issues between the two countries based on the agreements and treaties on existing border and territory issues dated from 1982, 1983 and 1985.
(10) The council of Ministers meeting of December 22, 2000 ratifies the decisions taken by the Joint Committee during its first meeting in 1999. It approves the draft of a supplemental treaty to the 1985 border treaty. It is the start of the "legalization" of the illegal treaties and the violation of the Paris agreements and the Constitution of Cambodia.
The signing was delayed on several occasions thanks to the actions of our compatriots and associations including that of CFC/CBC inside and outside of the country against this treasonous plan perpetrated by some Cambodian leaders.
(11) Copies of CBC letter and its UN response were sent to countries who were signatories of the Paris Agreements, and also to the Cambodian institutions and the four Cambodian signatory parties.
(12) From 2001 to the end of 2005, various selected documents related to the treaties imposed by Vietnam which continues and will continue to colonize Cambodia through the intermediary of some leaders who claim to be Cambodian, until its complete disappearance, just like Champa.
The clandestine immigration of million of Vietnamese people is observed. "The triangle of Indochinese development" and "free market zones" along the borders were created to camouflage border conflicts, etc…
(13) The Cambodia’s Border Committee in France makes it a duty to provide a minutes summary of the interventions by our members on these two days of May 11-12, 2005.
It was the first and the last meeting of the SNCBA created by the decree dated April 27, 2005 and chaired by King-Father, Norodom Sihanouk. This Council was the result of a compromise between the FUNCINPEC and the CPP before the creation of their 2004 Government of coalition, known under the name of "package government" - a name with a bad omen. Norodom Ranariddh, the president of the National Assembly, presented his resignation in May 2006 following the corruption affair denounced by Mr. Hun Sen.
As for the President of the SNCBA, NORODOM Sihanouk, he had no choice but to resign from his position due to Mr. Hun Sen’s anger. Hun Sen Hun modified the 1996 decree by the one dated June 14, 2005 for the creation of a Government Authority chaired by no other than himself, and which is responsible to the Government under his personal leadership – a complete travesty – in order to prevent the functioning of the SNCBA.
(14) What would happen, did happen. Mr. Hun Sen, the prime minister used another strategy consisting of using intimidation, threat and imprisonment for those, including journalists, who dare to raise their voice to denounce his supplemental treaty.
Furthermore, FUNCINPEC leaders and their members of parliament, acting in “unison,” raised their hands to adopt the supplemental treaty, contrary to their political conviction and the constitution which they solemnly swear to respect.
(15) The senior princes of the kingdom went to meet the King to show him their solidarity, to support him and to encourage him to promulgate the "supplemental treaty" in order to prevent Mr. Hun Sen from delivering his threat.
What was his public threat following his signature with his counterpart in Hanoi on October 10, 2005 That there would be a regime change should the King refuse to sign this treaty.
Finally, after the adoption under threats of Mr. Hun Sen, by the National Assembly on November 11, 2005, and by the Senate on November 25, 2005, the King promulgated this treaty on November 30, 2005, while specifying in his message to the people his reason: "to preserve the Peace and the Stability of our nation".
First of all, the adoption, promulgation of laws under threats are illegal. Second, these adoptions and promulgation are contrary to the 1991 Paris Agreements and contrary to the 1993 Constitution of Cambodia.
(16) Selected reaction from the post-promulgation of the "supplemental treaty".
For additional information:
Cambodia's Borders Committee : http://www.cfcambodge.org
Email : secretariat@cfcambodge.org
January 12, 1979 - Creation of the People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK).
February 18, 1979 - "Treaty for Peace, Cooperation and Friendship" concluded by Pham Van Dong, Prime Minister for Vietnam, and Heng Samrin, President of the People’s Revolutionary Council of Kampuchea (1).
July 7, 1982 - "Agreement on Historical Waters" signed by the Foreign Ministers Nguyen Co Thach and Hun Sen (2).
July 20, 1983 - "Treaty on the principle of the resolution of border issues" and "Agreement on border statute" concluded between Nguyen Co Thach and Hun Sen (3).
December 27, 1985 - "Treaty on the delimitation national border" concluded between Nguyen Co Thach and Hun Sen (4).
March 12, 1986 - Declaration of Mr. Son Sann, Prime Minister for the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK) led by Prince Norodom Sihanouk (5).
October 23, 1991 - Signing of the Paris Peace Agreements on Cambodia (6).
December 14, 1992 - Declaration from Peking by Prince Norodom Sihanouk (7).
January 16, 1995 - Report – not a treaty nor an agreement – of the visit of Prince Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime Minister of the Royal Government of Cambodia to Hanoi (8).
March 22-27, 1999 - Official report of the 1st meeting of the "Vietnamese-Cambodian Joint Committee on the border issue" held at Ho-Chi-Minh City (9).
December 22, 2000 - Decision of the Council of Ministers to prepare a "supplemental treaty" to the 1985 Treaty concluded between the SRV and the PRK (10).
May 27, 2002 – CBC Letter sent to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, denouncing the violations of the 1991 Paris Agreements on the territorial integrity of Cambodia by Vietnam. An acknowledgement of the reception of CBC letter was sent back on July 1, 2002. The letter was also sent to the Phnom-Penh Government (11).
June 2002 - Reactions from the involved Cambodian authorities, the news media, the Cambodia’s Border Committee, etc… regarding the harmful consequences of these treaties (12).
Beginning of March 2003: Delay by the Hun Sen Government to sign the supplemental treaty to the 1985 SRV-PRK Treaty.
July 2003: Election campaign, Funcinpec and the SRP declared their support for the abrogation of the border treaties concluded under the Vietnamese occupation.
January 3, 2004: According to VOA, quoting "a source from the Royal Palace," a Vietnamese delegation led by Nguyen Van Son, during its visit on December 28, 2003, requested King Norodom Sihanouk to recognize the SRV-PRK treaties on the borders between Vietnam and Cambodia. It was met with the King’s refusal.
July 08, 2004: Hun Sen and Norodom Ranariddh impose on the National Assembly a hand vote on the constitutional legalization of the "package vote" in order to form the new Government of coalition with Funcinpec.
October 7, 2004: Abdication of His Majesty King Norodom Sihanouk.
October 14, 2004: Accession to the throne by King Norodom Sihamoni with the unanimous approval of the Throne Council.
March 31, 2005: "Open Letter" from Peking by King-Father Norodom Sihanouk proposing the neighboring countries to proceed to the verification of the borders delineation based of maps published by the US army.
April 27, 2005: Formtion by the government of the Supreme National Council on Border Affairs (SNCBA). King-Father accepts to be the representative of the King and to preside over the Council.
May 11, 2005: First and single meeting of the SNCBA in Beijing, based on a convocation from King-Father. A CBC delegation was also invited to participate (13).
June 14, 2005: Hun Sen denounces the "abuses" of the SNCBA and creates a National Authority in charge of Border Affairs (NABA) which has the capacities to negotiate and conclude treaties with neighboring countries, and placed it under the sole charge of Hun Sen.
October 10, 2005: Hun Sen concludes in Hanoi the "Supplemental Treaty" to the 1985 SRV-PRK treaty.
November 11, 2005: Adoption by the National Assembly of the "Supplemental Treaty" to the Treaty of border delimitation (between the SRV and the PRK) dated December 27, 1985" (14)
November 30, 2005 - King Preah Bôromneath Norodom Sihamoni ratifies the "Supplemental Treaty to the treaty of border delimitation (between the SRV and the PRK) dated December 27, 1985." Hanoi and the CPP announce their "historical victory" (15).
See also other reactions to the ratification of the "Supplemental Treaty" by King Preah Bôromneath Norodom Sihamoni (16).
------------------------------
NOTES:
(1) After its invasion/occupation of Cambodia, on January 7, 1979, Vietnam’s objective is to cancel all the former recognitions on the territorial integrity of Cambodia made at the 1954 Geneva Conference and the repeated recognition pledges (of North Vietnam and South Vietnam) from 1962, 1967 etc.…
At that time, the Cambodian authorities in Phnom-Penh, which was installed by the Vietnamese army, were lacking in everything and they were propped up at all the levels with Vietnamese "experts". Obviously, they could only agree to all the decisions imposed on them by these experts.
(2) Mr. Hun Sen, for the first time in our History, recognizes the ownership by Vietnam of these Cambodian islands (Koh Trâl and Koh Krachâk Sés or Poulo-Panjang) which were always defended by the successive Cambodian governments. This recognition is a-priori against the International Convention of Vienna dated May 23, 1969 on the Right of Treaties.
The Republic of Singapore denounced at the UN the 1986 treaty.
However, based on this treaty, Thailand and Vietnam signed the July 7, 1997 Agreement on the delimitation of their respective maritime border. Each country can then annex 30,000 sq. km. of Cambodia’s maritime space.
The Governor General of Indochina did not recognize Koh Trâl as belonging to Vietnam in his letter dated January 31, 1939. In 1957, King Norodom Suramarit specified that "Cambodia reserves to maintain its historical rights on Koh Trâl."
Prince Sihanouk, then President of the Council of Ministers, asked Mr. Lon Nol, the Minister of National Defense, to install a lighthouse on Poulo-Panjang.
(3) Beginning of the sisterhood pairing of provinces and cities between the two countries and the reciprocal assistance of people living along border areas, with the establishment of Vietnamese people in Cambodia. Circular of Mr. Chan Si dated October 9, 1983 (opening of 8 passages by roads and along the Mekong river) and, later, that of Mr. Hun Sen.
Creation of an "Indochinese Triangle of Development" in 1999 completes this project.
(4) Recognition of the demarcation of land borders following the agreements dated July 20, 1983, July 13, 1984 and December 8, 1984 as well as the demarcation performed between 1986 and 1988 starting from the common borders between Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam all the way down to the Cambodia-Vietnam borders in the province of Kampot.
The legal and legitimate Resistance Government denounced this illegal and unequal treaty on March 12, 1986.
March 8, 2006, Prime Minister Phan Van Khai was in Phnom Penh to sign the help provided to Cambodia for the production of border markers between the two countries following the conclusion of the supplemental treaty in Hanoi on October 10, 2005, adopted on November 11 by the National Assembly, on November 25, 2005 by the Senate, and promulgated by the King on November 30, 2005 under Mr. Hun Sen’s pressure – accompanied with terrorizing measures and public threats against the monarchy itself..
(5) The declaration rejects and condemns all the agreements, conventions and treaties concluded between Vietnam and the Phnom-Penh authorities.
(6) Cambodia is committed to put to an end to all treaties and agreements which are incompatible with its territorial sovereignty, its independence, its integrity and its inviolability, its neutrality and its territorial unity.
(7) The territorial integrity of Cambodia which prevailed up to 1969 no longer exists. On the eve of 1993, Cambodia is losing its soul, its independence, its sovereignty and its territorial integrity.
(8) Two prime ministers are leading the government following the first legislative election in 1993. The second prime minister was Mr. Hun Sen. It is a first in the World’s history. It would be interesting for the benefit of those who do not understand this fact, that someone would do research and write his/her thesis on this subject.
It is neither a treaty nor an agreement.
Regarding the border issues, this report notes that "the parties possess documents from the 80s which can be considered as bases of good law" etc....
The Prince belongs to FUNCINPEC which is part of the CGDK, along with the NFLPK and the DK, the three parties which fought against the Vietnamese invasion and the Phnom-Penh authorities. Counting thousands of dead during a decade, the 3 parties were the defenders of the territorial integrity of Cambodia. Therefore, they should abide by the 1991 Paris Peace Agreements, at the minimum
(9) According to this official report, the two parties agree on the general principles regulating the negotiation and the resolution of border issues between the two countries based on the agreements and treaties on existing border and territory issues dated from 1982, 1983 and 1985.
(10) The council of Ministers meeting of December 22, 2000 ratifies the decisions taken by the Joint Committee during its first meeting in 1999. It approves the draft of a supplemental treaty to the 1985 border treaty. It is the start of the "legalization" of the illegal treaties and the violation of the Paris agreements and the Constitution of Cambodia.
The signing was delayed on several occasions thanks to the actions of our compatriots and associations including that of CFC/CBC inside and outside of the country against this treasonous plan perpetrated by some Cambodian leaders.
(11) Copies of CBC letter and its UN response were sent to countries who were signatories of the Paris Agreements, and also to the Cambodian institutions and the four Cambodian signatory parties.
(12) From 2001 to the end of 2005, various selected documents related to the treaties imposed by Vietnam which continues and will continue to colonize Cambodia through the intermediary of some leaders who claim to be Cambodian, until its complete disappearance, just like Champa.
The clandestine immigration of million of Vietnamese people is observed. "The triangle of Indochinese development" and "free market zones" along the borders were created to camouflage border conflicts, etc…
(13) The Cambodia’s Border Committee in France makes it a duty to provide a minutes summary of the interventions by our members on these two days of May 11-12, 2005.
It was the first and the last meeting of the SNCBA created by the decree dated April 27, 2005 and chaired by King-Father, Norodom Sihanouk. This Council was the result of a compromise between the FUNCINPEC and the CPP before the creation of their 2004 Government of coalition, known under the name of "package government" - a name with a bad omen. Norodom Ranariddh, the president of the National Assembly, presented his resignation in May 2006 following the corruption affair denounced by Mr. Hun Sen.
As for the President of the SNCBA, NORODOM Sihanouk, he had no choice but to resign from his position due to Mr. Hun Sen’s anger. Hun Sen Hun modified the 1996 decree by the one dated June 14, 2005 for the creation of a Government Authority chaired by no other than himself, and which is responsible to the Government under his personal leadership – a complete travesty – in order to prevent the functioning of the SNCBA.
(14) What would happen, did happen. Mr. Hun Sen, the prime minister used another strategy consisting of using intimidation, threat and imprisonment for those, including journalists, who dare to raise their voice to denounce his supplemental treaty.
Furthermore, FUNCINPEC leaders and their members of parliament, acting in “unison,” raised their hands to adopt the supplemental treaty, contrary to their political conviction and the constitution which they solemnly swear to respect.
(15) The senior princes of the kingdom went to meet the King to show him their solidarity, to support him and to encourage him to promulgate the "supplemental treaty" in order to prevent Mr. Hun Sen from delivering his threat.
What was his public threat following his signature with his counterpart in Hanoi on October 10, 2005 That there would be a regime change should the King refuse to sign this treaty.
Finally, after the adoption under threats of Mr. Hun Sen, by the National Assembly on November 11, 2005, and by the Senate on November 25, 2005, the King promulgated this treaty on November 30, 2005, while specifying in his message to the people his reason: "to preserve the Peace and the Stability of our nation".
First of all, the adoption, promulgation of laws under threats are illegal. Second, these adoptions and promulgation are contrary to the 1991 Paris Agreements and contrary to the 1993 Constitution of Cambodia.
(16) Selected reaction from the post-promulgation of the "supplemental treaty".
For additional information:
Cambodia's Borders Committee : http://www.cfcambodge.org
Email : secretariat@cfcambodge.org
1 comment:
For ah Yuons(Viets): Champa is not enough. Kampuchea Krom is not enough. Cambodia is another piece of meal they want to swallow too. Ah Yuons(Viets) are quietly taking over Laos. Give it 30 more years, the Viet will have Laos and Cambodia under its administration (implicitly and/or explicitly). THIS IS UNCLE HO'S LONG-TERM PLAN: VIETNAMIZATION OF INDOCHINA. See the big picture!!!
KhmerKrom Observer
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