Thursday, July 22, 2010

Preah Vihear: Distrust dooms good relations [-Siem min choal kbuon!]

July 22, 2010
By Supalak Ganjanakhundee
The Nation

Article 11 of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's World Heritage Convention stipulates that the world heritage designation will never affect a disputed boundary. However, the Thai government does not trust the Unesco convention, either.
An olive branch offered by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen to mend sour relations with Thailand early this month when he deported a couple of suspected terrorists to Bangkok did not yield any good result, as the Thai government continues to maintain its obstacles against the Preah Vihear plan.

Without being asked to do so, Cambodia deported Kobchai Boonplod and his wife Warisriya Boonsom, who were charged with terrorism for allegedly planting a bomb near coalition member Bhum Jai Thai Party's headquarters.

The Thai government expressed its gratitude and interpreted the decision as a good sign of restoration of the downgraded diplomatic relations with Cambodia. Bangkok expected Phnom Penh to do more by handing over many red-shirt leaders who were believed to be hiding in Cambodia.

The two countries downgraded their diplomatic relations last year when Phnom Penh appointed fugitive ex-prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra as an economic adviser to Hun Sen and his government. The sour relations added to the tension that had existed since 2008 between the two countries over the world heritage status of Preah Vihear. That dispute led to border skirmishes that killed seven soldiers and injured a dozen on both sides in 2008 and 2009.

Thailand was supposed to have nothing to do with Preah Vihear's status since the International Court of Justice ruled in 1962 that the Hindu sanctuary was situated in territory under Cambodia's sovereignty.

Abhisit Vejjajiva's government together with a nationalist movement raised the question that Cambodia might take over some disputed areas adjacent to the temple as a buffer zone. However, the moves to block Cambodia's proposal to list Preah Vihear as a world heritage site failed. The World Heritage Committee agreed to list the site in July 2008 and requested that Cambodia submit its final management plan by February this year.

Cambodia says the Preah Vihear buffer zone it has proposed does not include the areas to the north and the west of the temple that are the subject of a territorial dispute with Thailand. But the Thai government remains suspicious, as it has not yet seen the full report and the graphic plan of the property. The World Heritage Committee was supposed to circulate the management plan for members' consideration by the middle of June but failed to do so because of technical problems.

A Thai delegation led by Natural Resources and Environment Minister Suwit Khunkitti will ask the World Heritage Committee during its meeting from next Sunday to August 3 in Brasilia to delay consideration of the Preah Vihear management plan. Abhisit says the plan should not be approved before the border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia is settled.

There is no quick fix for the border dispute. Perhaps it will not be settled before the end of Abhisit's government. The results of a Thailand-Cambodia Joint Boundary Commission meeting have been waiting for Parliament's consideration since last year.

In fact, Article 11 of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's World Heritage Convention stipulates that the world heritage designation will never affect a disputed boundary. However, the Thai government does not trust the Unesco convention, either. An official familiar with the issue said the convention might not guarantee Thailand's right to claim sovereignty over areas near Preah Vihear.

Therefore, Thailand wants it on the record that it has never accepted and will never recognise Cambodia's right over the border areas adjacent to Preah Vihear, and it is concerned that activities at Preah Vihear might violate Thai sovereignty, he said.

With such an attitude of mistrust, Thailand will never have good relations with Cambodia.

21 comments:

Anonymous said...

PM Hun Sen kept wasted his time with Thailand, no matter how nice you are..? or playing friendly with Thailand, they don't give a SHIT!! so, those two Thai Bomb suspects didn't do shit? Abhishit Govt still object! still oppose the preah vihear plans...


Hun Sen allowed Thailand look down on him and cambodian people!

Anonymous said...

Well, at least he did something, he says something. The problem is he doesn't dare saying shit to Youn.

Anonymous said...

Thailand will dance to khmens toon...

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

No "Overlapping" or "Disputed" 4.6 km2 Area...It's all within Cambodia!
ไม่มีพื้นที่ 'ทับซ้อน' หรือ 'โต้แย้ง' ๔.๖ ก.ม.๒...เป็นดินแดนในกัมพูชาตลอดมา!

The delineation of boundary between Cambodia and Thailand by the mixed French-Siamese commission was not a mere coincidence. It was done on the agreement that the French position in Indochina gave up Chanthaburi and Trat provinces; and Siam returned Siem Reap, Kampong Thom, and Battambang provinces, which it had conquered and occupied for over two centuries back to Cambodia. It's a misconception for Thais to think that the Franco-Siamese treaty of 1904-07 was an unfair treaty while France was a super power at the time. King Sisowath considered the treaty a major accomplishment during his reign by regaining Cambodia's most important historial land back. On the other hand, King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) of Siam believed it was to the best interests of Siam for gaining Chanthaburi and Trat provinces from the French possession and safeguarding their major core country from being a colony of the west. Chanthaburi and Trat provinces proved to be a great bargain for Thailand today with a vast area of the Gulf of Thailand, islands, and large oil and gas deposits beneath the sea floor. This land trade off also gave Bangkok a more proportional distance away from Cambodia, roughly 120 miles from the border. The Franco-Siamese treaty of 1904-07 showed Annex I map with a clear and finite boundary line between Thailand and Cambodia. There were no so-called "overlapping" or "disputed" 4.6 km2 between the two kingdoms. The Annex I map was subsequently being used by the Royal Government of Cambodia under the leadership of then King-Father Norodom Sihanouk in the World Court case regarding Preah Vihear in 1962, in which the court ruled by a vote of 9 to 3 that Preah Vihear Temple and the adjacent areas were in the territory of Cambodia.

---Khmer Surin
---ชาวแขมร์จังหวัดสุรินทร์
2.13.10

Anonymous said...

PREAH VIHEAR TEMPLE, A KHMER CULTURAL LEGACY

What is a Thai unilateral map? Is Preah Vihear temple a Hindu temple or a Khmer temple? Who built Preah Vihear temple? Let's observe some facts...

The Thai unilateral map was a map produced by Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat government of Thailand to counter the verdict of the International Court of Justice on June 15, 1962, which granted Cambodia full ownership of the Khmer temple and the 4.6 km2 adjacent land. The map showed a new Thai boundary line abutting against the Preah Vihear temple, which did not coincide with UN recognized map of the two countries. The ICJ verdict sent a rippling shock for the rest of Thailand as if it were struck by 9.0 earth quake with the Khmer Preah Vihear Temple as being the epicenter. Many Thais were asked to contribute at least one Baht per person to help contribute to the World Court case at The Hague in the Netherlands under the Thai legal team of Seni Pramoj. The Thai defense team at the time argued that the mixed French-Siamese border commission did not follow the watershed line which was to be used for the delineation of the boundary between Cambodia and Thailand. The French understood the importance of the Preah Vihear temple to the people of Cambodia; and in recognizing the historical significance, France felt that the temple belonged to Cambodia and therefore indicated as so on the Annex I map that it was located inside the territory of Cambodia. King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) of Siam acknowledged the map at the signing of the Franco-Siamese Treaties of 1904-07.

To understand why Preah Vihear is so important to the people of Cambodia, we must look into its history. Preah Vihear was one the earliest Khmer temples built on an unusual breathtaking site on top of 525 m high cliff. Construction began in the 9th century and into the 10th century A.D. and it was dedicated to Hindu god Shiva and his manifestations as the mountain gods Sikharesvara and Bhadresvara. An interesting note to this is that a small Khmer Buddhist temple of 'Wat Kaew Sikha Kiri Svarak' on adjacent land was named after the mountain god. Construction of the temple began under the reigns of the Khmer kings Suryavarman I (1002-1050) and Suryvarman II (1113 -1150). An inscription found at the temple provides a detailed account of King Suryavarman II studying sacred rituals, celebrating religious festivals and making gifts, including white parasols, golden bowls and elephants, to his spiritual advisor, the aged Brahman Divakarapandita. In the wake of the decline of Hinduism in the region the site was converted to use by Buddhists.

Anonymous said...

Many Cambodians today feel that the Preah Vihear Temple is a Khmer heritage left behind by their great god-kings and ancestors. It bears no legacy or cultural heritage whatsoever to Thailand except the fact that the Siamese had conquered the area in the 15th century and placed under direct Siamese rule in the 18th century. The Khmer Empire was a great empire that ruled most of Southeast Asia between the 9th and 15th century as witnessed by the grandeur of the ruins at Angkor. Power struggle within the Khmer ruling class and foreign invasions led to its decline. The first recorded Thai kingdom of Sukhothai (1238 till 1438) was established under the rebellious yoke of two Siamese chieftains Khun Po Bangklanghao and Khun Po Phameung on Khmer territory. The Siamese were newcomers migrated from Nanchao, Southern China, during the wake of the Mongol invasion. They migrated south toward the Chao Phraya and Mekong regions of the Khmer kingdom. Through years of slave labor and breeding with Khmers, the once ‘Tai’ Sino-phenotype had transformed into a better and stronger Siamese society, adopting almost everything from their Khmer masters. This explained why the Thai culture and language bear alot of Khmer influences over the years. And subsequently, as the Khmer power declined in the region, the Siamese felt embarrassed and want nothing to associate with the Khmers. In doing so, they rewrote history as they see fit to glorify themselves. Many Thai historians rejected the idea that 'Khom' (a Thai term for ancient Khmers) bear any relationship to present-day Cambodians. However, this view was not shared by Professor Charnvit Kasetsiri, a highly distinguished Thai historian at Bangkok Thammasat University. The Thais admired 'Khom' culture but hated Khmers.

As Thailand progress since the 1950's, many Thai nationalists began to eradicate and distant themselves from the heavy Khmer influences in all aspects of Thai society. It was started with Plaek Pibulsonggram by his enforcement of a new Thai social culture based on the west, and then later with Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat at the height of Khmer-Thai conflict of Preah Vihear in the 1950's and 1960's. Many Thais were preached to hate Khmers as inferior, not intelligent, lazy and ugly with dark skin. To the contrary, these racist ideas are not true at all. Thai school children were taught with a one-sided history based on incorrect information. Western scholars believed the 'Tai' people migrated down from Yunnan province in southern China. However, some Thai history books suggested that they were native to Southeast Asia long before Khmer people at Ban Chiang. Even though 40% of the Thai language contained Khmer words, Khmer (or 'Khom' in Thai) writings were eradicated from Buddhist scriptures all over the country. Former King Norodom Sihanouk was often mocked in ridicules. Students were asked what color (si in Thai) that the Thai people hate---and their reply was 'Si-hanouk'. Thais admired the Khmers and their culture when they were a power in the region. When the Khmer empire diminished, everything changed over night and they hated Khmers and wanted to own everything that belonged to the Khmer people, including temples. There are currently about 45 Khmer temples in Thailand, and now they so desire to own other Khmer temples of Preah Vihear, Ta Moan Touch, Ta Moan Thom, Ta Krabey, adjacent land, etc.

Anonymous said...

Mon-Khmer people were one of the earliest inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Today, Khmer people call their homeland 'Suvarnabhumi' (a Sanskrit term for Golden Land). Many scholars believed that 'Kambuja' was a name given by the Kambojas a group of people who originally lived in the Pamir mountains of Afghanistan. They migrated to Gujarat (northwestern India), made their way to Sri Lanka and finally came to the Indochina peninsula and established the Khmer kingdom of 'Funan' between (4th century B.C.-1th Century A.D.). A Kambuja Kshatriya named Kambhu Svayambhuva married the local Naga tribe's daughter named Mera, together they established the 'Nokor Phnom' kingdom or 'Funan' (in Chinese: 扶南) as recorded by Chou Ta-Kuan, a Chinese envoy to Cambodia. Many Indian customs, culture, religion and language were introduced and mingled with the native Naga tribe via this union period. Following the decline of 'Nokor Phnom', another Khmer kingdom of 'Chandra' emerged. 'Chandra' kingdom or 'Chenla' (in Chinese: 真腊) (550-802 A.D.), was a successor kingdom to 'Funan' or 'Nokor Phnom' kingdom. The Khmer Empire (802–1431AD) was the second greatest recorded empire in Southeast Asia in terms of land mass after Srivijaya, present-day Indonesia. It covered all of present-day Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, parts of South-Vietnam and Burma). The term 'Khmer' (adjective for the people of Cambodia) was created a result of the conjugation of the two names in recorded Khmer history 'Kambhu + Mera'. A Khmer proverb stated that "If Khmers unite, Khmers survive, if Khmers divide, Khmers will perish." The Khmers have always been a proud and enduring race with great ancient history, echoing in the Khmer national anthem 'Nokor Reach' by the supreme Buddhist patriarch, Samdech Chuon Nath. They so desire to exist peacefully with all its surrounding neighbors. 'Suvarnabhumi' will always be golden as Khmer people come together in the defense of what it is rightfully hers.

---Khmer Surin
---ชาวแขมร์จังหวัดสุรินทร์
2.14.10

Anonymous said...

7:38am

Go goog on your stupid Bang-cock online news, not on Khmer!

Siem motherfucker!

Anonymous said...

I think Unesco is smart enough to figure it out who is the bad guy. If all the countries in the world are like Thailand, the Unesco would be an ineffective organization. Clearly, Thailand is undermine everyone for the sack of being a trouble maker in the neighborhood. Now, the world begin to understand a little more about Thailand. Their international image has greatly damage for the fact of their greedy government under the ruling of Abhishit government. As long as Thailand continue to arrogant attitude so will Cambodia continue to fight to defending its territories. There are too ways, easy way or hard way...

Anonymous said...

Thai people have no mortality. It is clearly that Preah vichear belongs to Khmer, just look at the world mape, it is located within its boundry and dare to claim as their, what a shame!!!. can't they see that khmer suffered enough from the genocite already?. where are their conscience. We all are human being and we all need to be respected regardless of who they are or where they come from. It is a shame to see such evil act upon anther human being. The only different is language but it can be translated into same meaning. we all have red blood cells and have the same feeling.....I hope good thai people will do something about it. They will not let evil overtake them for sure. wisdom

Anonymous said...

I love your comments post 8:07am! yep, Thailand knew so damn well that Preah vihear is inside khmer territory, but they are so stubborn!!

Anonymous said...

Since Hun Sen was a Khmer Rouge commander, now a Khmer Rouge leader and had many of his political opponents and journalists assassinated, I wonder if he have any plan to assassinate the Thai Prime Minister (Ahbullshit Vejjajiva)?

Anonymous said...

Fuck Ahbishit and his Thai thief govt.

Anonymous said...

there is no overlap lands between khmer an siem country. if there was, they would've fix it long ago when the french and siem drew the map then. what is siem pad thugs talking about now? maybe they really try to steal from cambodia by making all kind so illegal excuses, etc... cambodia and unesco don't buy that from siem, really!

Anonymous said...

Hun Sen must kept strengthening his military power, cuz more threaten from neighbors country will never stop!...cambodia must transform her military power to prevent neighbors from taken advantage, Khmer Empier army was defeated because of weak and poor army, history taught us a huge lessons!!

Anonymous said...

siem always say they can manage or run cambodia than us. they must be living in the stone age! they have no regards or tolerance for other country different from them, etc! i wonder a country like siem can only have one golden era, and when the time is over, they too will suffer like cambodia went through. watch, only time will tell! it is so true that nobody can live forever, really! it will be cambodia's turn sooner or later! watch out siem thugs! the cycle of civilization comes and goes all the time, so don't hold your breath, siem thugs! hard time in cambodia will disappear with time, too. god bless my country cambodia.

Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

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Anonymous said...

Cambodian & Thai can never be friend as long as Thai continue to harass us about Preah Vihear. It's the reason Thailand lost Cambodian and Loas to vietnam in the first place and they still don't get it.