Indochinese Federation Triangle meeting ... under the Vietcong's boots

Viet Nam, Laos, Cambodia hold development meeting

August, 03 2012
Viet Nam News

HA NOI — The Committees of Foreign Affairs of the National Assemblies of Cambodia, Laos and Viet Nam held its fourth conference in the central province of Nghe An yesterday to promote friendship, cooperation and development of the border areas of the three countries.

The conference took as its theme "the role of parliaments in supporting the Development Triangle." It took place in the special context of the Viet Nam-Cambodia Friendship Year 2012 and the Viet Nam-Laos Friendship and Solidarity Year 2012.

The three countries have hosted an array of activities to mark the 45th anniversary of the establishment of Vietnamese-Cambodian diplomatic ties and the 50th anniversary of the establishment of Vietnamese-Laos diplomatic ties and 35 years since the signing of the Viet Nam-Laos Friendship and Cooperation Treaty.

Vietnam, Cambodia issue joint statement [-Hanoi's marching order for Hun Xen]

09/12/2011
VNA (Hanoi)

Vietnam and Cambodia have reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining and developing the valuable traditional friendship between the two countries.

In a joint statement issued at the end of Party General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong’s visit to Cambodia at the invitation of King of Cambodia Norodom Sihamoni on December 8, the two sides expressed their pleasure at the practical and efficient development of the fine neighbourliness, traditional friendship and comprehensive and long-lasting cooperation.

They once again affirmed to maintain and promote the traditional friendship and pass it on to younger generations on the basis of principles in the Vietnam-Cambodia joint statements in 1999, 2005 and 2009, considering this one of important factors in ensuring the success of each country’s national construction and defence.

On the occasion of the 45th anniversary of their diplomatic ties, the two sides agreed to name 2012 as the “Vietnam-Cambodia Friendship Year”.

The two sides stressed the importance of economic cooperation and pledged to further expand and improve the efficiency and quality of economic cooperation in order to match both countries’ aspirations and potential.

They emphasized the resolve to double two-way trade to US$5 billion in the next five years and encouraged their businesses to boost cooperation and investment in border areas, particularly the Development Triangle.

Indochinese Federation starts with the Indochinese Triangle imposed by Hanoi

Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam to develop border region

By Khamphone Syvongxay in Vientiane/Vientiane Times | ANN

Vientiane (Vientiane Times/ANN) - Laos will host the 7th Meeting of the Joint Coordination Committee on the Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam (CLV) Development Triangle Area to boost cooperation for the development of their respective economies.

The meeting will be held in Attapeu province from December 6-10, Minister of Planning and Investment Somdy Duangdy announced yesterday.

The meeting will be a good opportunity for Attapeu province to encourage investors from the private sector to consider potential developments in the province, he said.

"We are holding the meeting in Attapeu as the provincial border connects with both Vietnam and Cambodia, which is the best area for facilitating joint development efforts," Somdy said.

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia boost legislative cooperation [-Another step to Uncle Ho's Indochinese Federation?]

13/07/2011

The development triangle area, consisting of 13 provinces, including 5 in Vietnam, 4 in Laos and 4 in Cambodia, has great significance in the fields of society, economics, security and national defence for all three countries.

(VOV) - The third conference on the National Assembly (NA)’s Committees for External Relations of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia opened in Champasak province, Laos on July 10.

The Vietnamese delegation was led by Nguyen Van Son, Head of the NA’s Committee for External Relations.

Present at the event were also representatives of the Ministries of Planning and Investment, the Ministries of Foreign Affairs of the three countries, and some local authorities in the development triangle area.

The six-day conference aims to exchange measures to encourage friendship relations, to support the three countries’ efforts in developing the triangle area, and to consolidate cooperation relations among the three legislative bodies and information exchanges among the three NA Committees for External Relations.

Cambodia, Vietnam and Laos speed up border demarcation to create a "triangle economic zone"

sVar Kimhong showing off map of the proposed triangle economic zone

Monday, 20 June 2011
By Khmerization
Source: FPMOnline
Click here to read the original article in Khmer

The Cambodian, Vietnamese and Laotian governments are speeding up border demarcations between the three countries in order to create a "triangle economic zone" on the border in Cambodia's Ratanakiri province.

The agreement draws strong criticism from the Cambodian oppositions as they think that to demarcate the borders in such a hurry, without proper consultation and studies, would cause Cambodia to lose territory.

Last Thursday, 16th June, the Cambodian parliament voted to support the agreement with 83 MPs out of 100 MPs attended supporting it.

Mr. Var Kimhong, Cambodian chairman of Border Committee, said this is a historic agreement. "This convention is the fairest basis for the three countries to create a peaceful and cooperative triangle economic zone", he said.

One step closer to the Indochinese Federation: Joint Viet-Cam-Lao website

Cambodia, Laos, VN discuss joint website management

Sunday, Mar 06,2011
Saigon Giai Phong (Communist party of Ho Chi Minh City)

Representatives from Cambodia, Laos and Viet Nam gathered in Ha Noi yesterday to discuss a draft co-operation agreement on the management and operation of their joint website.

The website was initiated by the Vietnamese Ministry of Planning and Investment to promote co-operation and development between the three countries, particularly in the triangle development area. The draft focuses on regulations for administrative procedures, editing and provisions and checks on information and data posted on the website.

Under the agreement, information provided by each country will be in line with the website's purpose as well as the laws and regulations that pertain to each country. In addition, posted information will not bring harm to the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of each country.

CLV summit on Indochinese Triangle development

Dung: Indochinese Triangle failed to make a breakthrough in socio-economic improvement and human resources development

PM Dung attends sixth CLV Summit in Cambodia

11/16/2010
VOV News

A Vietnamese delegation led by Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung attended the sixth CLV (Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam) Summit at the Peace Palace in Phnom Penh on November 16.

The cooperative initiative of the Vietnam-Laos-Cambodia development triangle was taken at a meeting of prime ministers from the three countries in October 1999 to enhance solidarity, cooperation and socio-economic development and maintain stability, and security along their border areas.

Government leaders praised the cooperative results in socio-economic development of 13 provinces in the CLV development triangle and adopted a re-planning project for the area throughout 2020, implemented by Vietnam.

Concluding the summit, they signed a joint declaration to affirm their determination to cooperate closely to make the CLV development triangle an area of political stability and stronger socio-economic development.

The PMs also witnessed the three coordinating chairs sign a Memorandum of Understanding on incentives for the CLV development triangle.

In his speech, PM Dung said that the CLV development triangle remains an area with a low level of development and has failed to make a breakthrough in socio-economic improvement and human resources development. Therefore, it should receive more attention and priority in the development policies of each country.

The same day, at a meeting with the Vietnam Business Association in Cambodia, PM Dung said the success of Vietnamese businesses’ investment in Cambodia is a major contribution to promoting cooperative relations between the two countries for the common goals of development and prosperity.

The Vietnamese Government will create the best possible conditions for businesses to invest in Cambodia and asked the relevant agencies to collaborate with their Cambodian counterparts to iron out snags in the amendments and supplements to an agreement on investment attraction and protection and an agreement on double tax avoidance as well as issue a decree on loans and guarantees for foreign investors, said Mr Dung noted.

6th CLV summit opens to advance cooperation

November 16, 2010
Xinhua

The 6th Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam ( CLV) Summit on Development Triangle Area (DTA) started on Tuesday morning in Cambodian capital Phnom Penh, aimed to further strengthen the cooperation among three CLV countries.

Cambodian Prime Ministers Hun Sen, Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung and Prime Minsiter of Laos Bouasone Bouphavanh participated in the summit.

"We meet today to review the progress made since the last summit and to adopt a newly revised Master Plan 2010-2010 in order to fast track our cooperation activities in our CLV Development Trangle Area," Prime Minister Hun Sen said at his opening speech.

The premier stressed that "the strengthening of cooperation is truly crucial in the regional and global context after the recent global financial crisis."

Two agreements will be signed during the summit, including the amended memorandum of understanding towards the formulation of special preferential policies for the CLV development triangle area and the Phnom Penh Declaration on the Deepening Cambodia- Laos-Vietnam Development Triangle Area.

Meanwhile, there will be a bilateral meeting between the Prime Ministers of Cambodia Hun Sen and the Prime Minsiter of Laos Bouasone Bouphavanh, and an agreement on air services between Cambodia and Laos will also be signed.

At the summit, Cham Prasidh, Cambodian minister of commerce and chairman of the Joint Coordinating Committee, briefly reported on the progress made in the areas of security, foreign affairs, and socio-economic development in the past two years.

CLV Development Triangle Area (CLV DTA) is aiming at accelerating economic growth, poverty reduction, social and cultural progress in the areas of triangle.

Geographical provinces of the triangle area are Cambodia's Steng Treng, Rattanakiri, Mondulkiri and Kratie, Laos' Salavan, Sekong, Attapeu and Champasak, and Vietnam's Gialai, Daclac, Dacnong, Kontum, and Binh Phuoc.

Hun Xen suggest to mobilize funds for the Indochinese Triangle controlled by Vietnam: His Viet masters couldn't be more pleased!

Cambodian PM suggests setting up fund to advance CLV development triangle area

November 16, 2010
Xinhua

Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen Tuesday suggested to establish a Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam (CLV) Fund to mobilize financial resources to fund the projects of the Master Plan 2010-2020.

The premier made the suggestion at the 6th Cambodia-Laos- Vietnam (CLV) Summit on Development Triangle Area (DTA) held on Tuesday morning in Phnom Penh, which is aimed to further strengthen the cooperation among three CLV countries.

With the financial difficulties, Hun Sen initiated to establish a CLV Fund in order to increase capitals for development projects.

He said that "Japan has financed 20 million U.S. dollars for the development triangle area, but we have to work with Japan and seek other development partners to mobilize capital for the triangle area."

In order to fulfill the programs and projects of the Master Plan, Hun Sen also suggested "to primarily shortlisting a number of prioritized projects from our cooperation sectors," such as infrastructure, trade and investment, social development and cultural conservation, agro-industry, tourism, and environment.

"The CLV Summit is not only to strengthen cooperation among the three countries, but also to contribute to the development in the region," said Hun Sen at the opening of the 6th CLV summit.

The summit is to review the progress of the triangle development area. Hun Sen highly evaluated the achievements that have been attained, especially in the sectors of trades and investments through fairs and trade conferences.

Two agreements were signed during the summit, including the amended memorandum of understanding towards the formulation of special preferential policies for the CLV development triangle area and the Phnom Penh Declaration on the Deepening Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam Development Triangle Area.

Meanwhile, a bilateral meeting was held between Prime Ministers Hun Sen and Laos' Prime Minsiter Bouasone Bouphavanh, and an agreement on air services between the two countries was signed.

At the half-day summit, Cham Prasidh, Cambodian minister of commerce and chairman of the Joint Coordinating Committee, briefly reported on the progress made in the areas of security, foreign affairs, and socio-economic development in the past two years.

CLV Development Triangle Area (CLV DTA) is aiming at accelerating of economic growth, poverty reduction, social and cultural progress in the areas of triangle.

Geographical provinces of the triangle area are Cambodia's Steng Treng, Rattanakiri, Mondulkiri and Kratie, Laos' Salavan, Sekong, Attapeu and Champasak, and Vietnam's Gialai, Daclac, Dacnong, Kontum, and Binh Phuoc.

Discussion to accept the Viet encroachments?

Cambodia, Vietnam meets to discuss on border development

August 03, 2010
Xinhua

Cambodia and Vietnam opened talks on Tuesday in Cambodia's capital city of Phnom Penh to discuss border cooperation and development.

The meeting, co-chaired by Sar Kheng, deputy prime minister and minister of interior of Cambodia, and Pham Gia Khiem, deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs of Vietnam, is the 6th of its kind that focuses on border cooperation and development between the two countries.

The meeting is called "Meeting on cooperation and development between border provinces of Cambodia and Vietnam," and is focused on many issues of cooperation and development including the building of infrastructure, investment, trade and services, markets development, health, tourism, education, border demarcation, security and public order.

At the opening of the one-day talk, Sar Kheng said, "The existing mechanism for cooperation is becoming an effective way for actual implementation between the two governments which is aimed at fostering and strengthening solidarity, friendship and brotherly cooperation between Cambodia and Vietnam."

He added, "Our countries have cooperated well and supported one another in the struggle against the global economic crisis for the purpose of reducing the impact from this crisis."

Pham Gia Khiem echoed Sar Kheng's speech and expressed his confidence that the meeting will further promote the bilateral cooperation in various fields.

In addition to the border cooperation and development between Cambodia and Vietnam, Laos, another neighbor of the two nations also has joined in another forum known as CLV which represents Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.

The forum has its own format of CLV Triangle Development Zone which binds all the three nations to consider developing their joint borders together.

Such forum was last held on March 12-18 in Cambodia's northeastern province of Rattanakiri.

Meeting on cooperation and development between border provinces of Cambodia and Vietnam is held annually and last year it was held in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam.

Here comes the Indochinese Triangle ... to serve Uncle Ho's dream, courtesy of Uncle Hoon from Cambodia

Uncle Hoon Xhen with his Yuon and Lao colleague (Photo: AP)

Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam To Jointly Develop Triangle Area

PHNOM PENH, July 9 (Bernama) -- Parliaments of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam have signed an approval for the three countries to jointly develop a triangle area, China's Xinhua news agency reported Friday.

Citing the joint statement, the agreement allows of having a joint-controlled border point as well as setting up of a website with English language as an international language and the three nations' national languages.

The joint statement was released on Friday after the two-day parliaments meeting, which kicked off on July 7 in Kratie province in Cambodia.

The meeting also discussed the roles of parliaments on how to help promote triangle development plan among the three countries.

The triangle development area covers four provinces in Cambodia: Rattanakiri, Stung Treng, Mondulkiri and Kratie, with three provinces in Laos and four provinces in Vietnam.

It is the annual meeting and Vietnam hosted the meeting last year.

In 2002, leaders of the three countries agreed to boost for economic benefit, promoting tourism, exchanging culture, as well as to well cooperate in social order, security and to reduce poverty.

Indochinese Federation transport agreement?

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia to sign transport agreement

04/02/2010
VOV News

A tripartite road transport agreement between Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia will be signed in June, said Deputy Transport Minister Le Manh Hung.

Mr Hung made the announcement at the first working-level meeting on the tripartite agreement in the southern province of Binh Phuoc on April 1.

The agreement will build a legal framework for the flow of the transport of goods and commodities among the three countries, he said.

At the meeting, the three countries’ transport leaders agreed that negotiations and implementation of the agreement will facilitate transport, trade and investment, as well as stimulating local and regional economies in the development triangle of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

They agreed in principle to the content of the agreement and laid out steps for future negotiations.

They also considered special preferential mechanisms for commodities, people and vehicles in the development triangle.

The Deputy Chairman of the Binh Phuoc Provincial People’s Committee, Bui Van Thach, said that once the agreement becomes effective, it will also facilitate tourism from Binh Phuoc to Cambodia and Laos.

Vietnam has provided preferential credits to help Laos build Highway 18B connecting Attapu province with the Vietnam-Laos border and to help Cambodia’s Highway 78 linking Rattanakiri province to the Vietnam-Cambodia border.

Vietnam signed bilateral road transport agreements with Laos and Cambodia, and the three countries signed a number of regional agreements in the field.

Indochinese Triangle meeting in Hanoi

Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam, Japan meet in Hanoi

Wednesday, March 31, 2010

Hanoi (VNA) – The fourth senior officials meeting between Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam (CLV) and Japan took place in Hanoi on March 30 with the participation of representatives from the four countries.

The meeting reviewed the implementation of projects within the framework of Japan ’s support package of 20 million USD for the CLV development triangle.

Participants also discussed measures to increase cooperative ties between the three Southeast Asian countries and Japan . They all acknowledged the sound development of the project and anticipated more practical and specific cooperation for the social-economic development of the CLV triangle.

The CLV development triangle initiative was put forth at a meeting between Vietnam , Laos and Cambodia ’s Prime Ministers in 1999 to promote solidarity and cooperation between the three countries. It also aimed to facilitate socio-economic development, hunger alleviation and poverty reduction as well as security for the three countries.

At the third CLV-Japan summit, Japan pledged 20 million USD to support development projects in the region, including those in rural development and social security. Of the projects, Vietnam has seven worth 3.5 million USD.

Specialists review Japan’s assistance to the Indochinese Triangle

Specialists review Japan’s assistance to Development Triangle

03/30/2010
VOV News (Hanoi)

The fourth specialists meeting between Japan and the development triangle of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (CVL) took place in Hanoi on March 30 to review the implementation of Japan’s 20 million-dollar aid package to the region and discuss ways of further boosting bilateral cooperation.

The CVL initiative was put forward at a meeting between the premiers of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia in 1999, with a view to strengthening unity and cooperation among these countries in socio-economic development and poverty reduction.

During the 10th ASEAN Summit in November 2004, the prime ministers from all three countries signed the Vientiane Declaration on building such a development triangle and approved a master plan, which covered areas such as transport, energy, trade, investment and training.

In the first CVL plus Japan summit in 1994, Japan agreed to consider assisting the CVL countries to develop the triangle and provide them with non-refundable aid for small projects in rural development and social welfare. In the third meeting of this kind, Japan pledged US$20 million in aid for the region.

In their second meeting in Phnom Penh in June 2007, specialists from CLV and Japan agreed on a roadmap for projects in the CLV countries that used capital from the $20 million package. Later in a meeting between Japan and ministers from the Mekong countries, Japan and CLV rectified a list of the priority projects to benefit from this aid package.

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia strengthen [Indochinese] triangle development

03/19/2010
VOV News (Hanoi)

The fifth Conference of the Joint Coordination Committee for the Development Triangle of Cambodia-Laos-Vietnam (CLV) took place in Banlung City, Ratnakiri province (Cambodia), from March 16-18, opening new prospects for trade promotion among these countries.

Officials from the three countries and representatives of provinces in the triangle reviewed the results of the second meeting of the sub-committees for coordination between CLV provinces and agreed on modifications of the Memorandum of Understanding signed on November 26, 2008, which incorporated other provinces into CLV: Vietnam’s Binh Phuoc, Cambodia’s Kratie, and Laos’ Champasak.

The CLV conference also approved the proposal on establishing a list of CLV-originated goods that enjoy preferential taxes, and a joint technical sub-committee to devise policies and introduce incentives for more investment into CLV.

Participants in the event agreed that Vietnam will host meetings on the development of CLV tourism.

Previously, a CLV market was held in Banlung City on March 14-15, attracting businesses from CLV provinces.

Vietnamese-funded highway open to traffic in Cambodia

03/18/2010
VOV News (Hanoi)

Vietnamese Deputy Prime Minister Truong Vinh Trong and Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen attended an inauguration ceremony of National Highway 78 in Banlung city, Rattanakirri province on March 18.

PM Hun Sen appreciated Vietnam’s financial assistance to the project, which he described as a new symbol of the friendship and cooperation between the two countries.

He said the project will help Cambodia’s north-eastern border provinces develop on a par with border provinces of Vietnam and Laos within their Development Triangle.

He also thanked Vietnam for providing heart-felt support and great assistance to Cambodia in driving away the Pol Pot genocidal regime and rebuilding the country.

The four-lane highway, which is 70km long linking Banlung city and Vietnam’s Le Thanh border gate, was built at a total cost of US$25.8 million in preferential credits from the Vietnamese government.

Development of the Indochinese Triangle under criticisms

Native people living in Cambodia east along the Indochinese Triangle zone

Friday 12 March 2010
Free Press Magazine Online
Translated from Khmer by Socheata
Click here to read the article in Khmer
Please help support the Free Press Magazine Online by providing your donation

It has been almost 11 years since the Triangle Development zone (also known as the Indochinese Triangle) was initiated by the Khmer PM. This zone includes various regions where Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam meet, and the goal was to turn it into a special economic zone. As this zone is undergoing development as planned, it also attracts criticisms from human rights organizations, as well as from environmental protection groups.

For Cambodia, the Indochinese Triangle encompasses the province of Kratie, Stung Treng, Mondulkiri and Ratanakiri – provinces which are known to have fertile lands, filled with forest resources and are mainly populated by numerous ethnic minorities.

The Triangle development plan which was initiated since 1999 pushes investors, rich and powerful people alike to grab lands – including rice fields, plantations and sacred lands – from Cambodian ethnic minorities, even though such action is not condone by the Cambodian land law. Under this condition, Cambodian ethnic minorities became victims after losing their personal belongings, their community and traditional lands which they owned for several generations long. In all these cases, the government does not seem to provide any resolution to help protect the safety of the ethnic minorities as stipulated by the land law which was introduced by the government.

Nevertheless, on Thursday, officials from human rights groups indicated that the speed of the development is affecting both the communities involved and the environment. Crimé Bonne, a facilitator for the International Forest Community NGO, indicated that the development was conducted at a too fast pace and no thought was given to the rights of the ethnic minority people. He added: “These four provinces have the largest number of native people. Therefore, the developers should take into account this issue in their plan. We hope that the development plan will respect the human rights of the native people.”

In February a group of Cambodian ethnic minority people representing 20 groups participated in a meeting organized by the UN regarding the issues faced by native people. During that meeting, the group demanded that the Cambodian government immediately put an end to the violation of their rights.

Lao-Cambodia Governments Discuss Cooperative Ties

VIENTIANE, Jan 6 (Bernama) -- High-ranking officers of Laos and Cambodia met here on Tuesday to further discuss bilateral ties, Lao news agency (KPL) reported.

The 11th Lao-Cambodian Bilateral Cooperation Committee meeting, as its report stated, was scheduled from Jan 5 to 6, 2010, amid many challenges, positive and negative impacts, and to further enhance more cooperative ties.

The two-day meeting started with Lao-Cambodian senior officials meeting on Tuesday, while the 11th Lao-Cambodian Bilateral Co-operation Committee meeting to take place on Wednesday. It was co-presided by Bounkeuth Sangsomsak, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and Ung Sean, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation.

The bilateral talk is part of the effort to continue to fine tune the cooperative framework, especially in areas like political stability and economic ties.

During Tuesday's meeting, the matters raised were linked to border demarcation, drug trafficking along the long and porous border of the two countries and exchange of two officers from two ministries, ministry of defence and ministry of public security.

On the same day, the two countries also agreed to cooperate on matters related to fishery, forestry, industry, mining, energy, trade, tourism, banking, finance, investment and labour affairs.

The other topics discussed were on culture, social issues, public health, education, sports, and regional economy, especially on the Development Triangle Zone Project.

On the trilateral cooperative project, they saw the need to develop linked roads in response to the need to build more basic facilities to facilitate trade, investment and tourism.

Indochinese Triangle now encompasses 111,000 sq.km. ... When will it engulf all of Laos and Cambodia?

Cambodia, Laos, VN hold talks

24-12-2009
VNS (Hanoi)

HCM CITY — Officials from Cambodia, Laos and Viet Nam agreed to speed up development of a 111,000sq.km border triangle area at the fourth meeting of the area’s joint co-ordination committee held in Central Highland Dac Lac Province on Monday.

The development efforts will focus on mining, hydroelectricity development, agro-forestry and trade.

The Cambodia – Laos – Viet Nam Development Triangle, which comprises 10 provinces in the three countries – Cambodia’s Ratanakiri, Mondulkiri and Stung Treng; Laos’s Attapu, Salavan and Xekong; and Viet Nam’s Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak and Dak Nong – was initiated in 1999 by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen.

Viet Nam’s Minister of Planning and Investment Vo Hong Phuc said on the sidelines of the meeting that many memorandums of understanding had been amended and ratified.

They were mainly related on customs procedures, transportation, export and import policies, and payment mechanism, he said.

The committee also agreed to adopt uniform policies for attracting investment and utilising official development assistance.

Representatives from the three countries promised to work on modifications to the area’s master plan, a Vietnamese initiative to spearhead the development of the area.

The modifications will be submitted for approval by the three nations’ prime ministers at their summit next year.

The potentially rich triangle remains poor despite efforts to change it by local authorities in the last 10 years.