Wednesday, March 31, 2010

An icon fades in Cambodia


Apr 1, 2010
By Sebastian Strangio
Asia Times


PHNOM PENH - By uprooting six wooden border markers last October along the Vietnamese border, Cambodia's opposition leader Sam Rainsy again cast himself in the familiar role of a thorn in the flesh of authority.

Earlier this year, a court sentenced Rainsy to two years in prison in absentia for uprooting the posts. He now faces additional misinformation charges that carry a possible 18 years in prison. He has been stripped of his parliamentary immunity twice in the past year.

Though his Sam Rainsy Party (SRP) remains the kingdom's biggest proponent of Western-style democracy, Rainsy's decision to go into self-imposed exile in France to continue his campaign against alleged Vietnamese incursions into Cambodian territory has raised questions whether the 61-year-old politician has lost his direction and his party its past relevance in a fast-shifting political landscape.

Premier Hun Sen, who in 1997 ousted his long-time rival Prince Norodom Ranariddh in a bloody factional coup, has successfully consolidated his position at the center of the country's politics. Hun Sen's Cambodian People's Party (CPP) has presided over a period of rapid economic growth - between 2004 to 2007 gross domestic product grew at an average of around 10% - and the party's continued success at the ballot box has demonstrated that the majority of Cambodians are willing to overlook its more authoritarian tendencies in exchange for economic progress.

Meanwhile, the past year has been a tumultuous one for the SRP, which controls 26 seats in Cambodia's 123-seat National Assembly. Aside from Rainsy's border imbroglio, SRP lawmakers Mu Sochua and Ho Vann both lost their parliamentary immunity after being accused of defaming senior CPP officials. These political stand-offs earned attention in the chambers of the US Congress and the European parliament in Brussels, but it's unclear whether the SRP's antagonistic strategies have maximized it's chances of leveraging Cambodia's demographic changes (as much as half of the population is under 24 years of age) into medium-term political gains.

By some assessments, the party has declined since its mid-2000s peak, a trend illustrated by its failure to capture the voters who withdrew their support from the royalist Funcinpec party after it split along factional lines in 2006. "All those votes should have gone to the SRP, and they didn't," said Ou Virak, president of the Cambodian Center for Human Rights.

He said the SRP's lack of concrete policies has personalized its frequent spats with the government and the lack of party vision has dragged it into various unwinnable battles with the CPP-controlled parliament. "There's no proper analysis or real policy," said Ou Virak. "If you're going to oppose something or are you in a position to offer anything, that's different?"

The SRP's campaigns against Hun Sen's authoritarianism and his cozy ties to former invader and occupier Vietnam have done little to change the country's political or economic realities. The CPP continues to control all three branches of government, as well as a large swathe of the print and broadcast media.

At the 2008 polls, the CPP captured over 58% of the popular vote and notched 90 National Assembly seats - more than the two-thirds majority needed to pass laws unanimously. The SRP increased its parliamentary representation from 24 to 26 in 2008, but its share of the popular vote remained steady at around 22%.

Over the same five-year period, the vote for the royalist movement - once a powerhouse of Cambodian politics under the Funcinpec party - shrank from 20.8% of the vote to just over 10%. Most of those lost votes were usurped by the ruling CPP, despite its long-time and often heated antagonism towards the royalist party.

Another political observer said that SRP's failure to capitalize on the rift in the royalist movement represented a "huge" missed opportunity for the party and that its recent political theatrics, including the border post stunt, had "steered the party way off message".

"They talk about party leaders being persecuted on the basis of esoteric rights that many Cambodian people have very little ownership of. They've adapted to appeal to outside constituencies rather than Cambodian voters," the observer said.

Sorpong Peou, a professor of political science at Sophia University in Tokyo, concurred that the SRP's appeals to distant international organizations focused on democracy promotion and good governance have achieved little for the party domestically, where it remains "at the mercy" of Hun Sen and his ruling party.

"[The CPP] is willing to allow a degree of opposition in order to legitimize its domination and uses this type of legitimacy to gain international support," she said. "In this sense, the opposition's appeals have little real impact on domestic politics."

To be sure, Rainsy has been down before only to bounce back. Between 2005-06 he lived in self-exile in France for a year after being stripped of his parliamentary immunity and ordered jailed for 18 months on criminal defamation charges. He only returned to Cambodia in February 2006 after recanting comments he made about Hun Sen and receiving a royal pardon from King Norodom Sihamoni.

This time, though, Rainsy faces a less accommodating international landscape given the recent diplomatic overtures to Hun Sen's government made by the United States, which has prioritized a policy of counterbalancing China's rising regional influence. For years, Rainsy benefited from the US's antagonistic approach towards the government, a policy influenced by a bloody 1997 grenade attack on a peaceful opposition rally that many claim was orchestrated by members of Hun Sen's personal bodyguard unit.

Ou Virak said that one new problem for Rainsy is that repeated petitions to international organizations - one of the few cards the leader has left to play - could be falling on increasingly deaf ears. "You can do it once or twice, but governments get fatigued, donors get fatigued ... You're running a risk of people no longer paying attention," he said. "Eventually he'll have to take it to the next level and that means facing possible imprisonment." He added: "He's no Aung San Suu Kyi. He's not going to come back."

Donor darling

When Sam Rainsy returned to Cambodia from France in 1992, he was a rising star in the royalist political firmament. A founding member of then-prince Norodom Sihanouk's Funcinpec party in 1981, Rainsy had risen through the ranks to become an elected parliamentarian during Funcinpec's stunning win in the United Nations-backed 1993 elections and was appointed minister of finance in the Funcinpec-CPP coalition government.

His ascent, however, was short-lived and the fall that followed set the tone for a political career that would be marked by a consistently adversarial relationship with the government. In October 1994 - just over a year after his appointment - Sam Rainsy was dismissed from his post in a major cabinet reshuffle following his criticisms of the corruption and nepotism that plagued the coalition. The following year, his continued criticisms led to his expulsion from the party and the loss of his National Assembly seat.

At the time of its founding in 1995, the Khmer Nation Party (KNP) - the SRP's predecessor - was a breath of fresh air on the Cambodian political landscape. Unlike the CPP - which secured its support through a patronage system established in the 1980s - and Funcinpec, which traded heavily on the prestige of the monarchy, Sam Rainsy's new party put liberal democratic principles front and center. At the time, he said his expulsion from Funcinpec would give him the opportunity "to mobilize millions of people" sharing the same ideals.

Even with its egalitarian bent, the SRP's constituency to this day remains overwhelmingly urban. In 2008, it won six of its 26 seats in Phnom Penh and five in urban Kampong Cham, as well as three each in Kandal and Prey Veng, both densely populated provinces close to the capital. In half of Cambodia's 24 provinces and municipalities - among them the most remote and least populated - the party failed to win a single seat.

Caroline Hughes, an associate professor of governance studies at Murdoch University in Australia, claims that the SRP is not totally to blame for its poor electoral performances in rural areas, where the CPP used intimidation and patronage to secure votes. She said Sam Rainsy - a "donors' darling" in the early 1990s - has gradually become a more "marginal" figure because of waning international support, a rift with the Cambodian union movement and a concerted campaign of violence and intimidation against his supporters that included the bloody 1997 grenade attack.

"I don't think we can blame the SRP for the weakness of the Cambodian political opposition when the government has worked consistently to reduce the political space for any kind of organized activism on any issue," she said.

Others, however, believe the party's growth has been stunted by the erosion of its own internal democratic processes and by the constant threat of defections and government intimidation. The SRP, Ou Virak said, is "like a scared child" frightened by the threat of infiltration by the ruling party and suspicious of newcomers. "There are some good people in the party that I know that cannot move up in the ranks," he said. "There are some very good people who were left out."

For example, Ken Virak was a member of the SRP's Steering Committee who left to form his own party - the People's Power Party (PPP) - in 2007 after becoming disillusioned with the SRP's internal workings. He said the SRP had given up its role as a democratic opposition party "step by step" and that its steering committee - nominally in charge of party decision-making - no longer had real power.

"There is no democracy inside the party. Most of the decisions are made only by a minority of members who are powerful in the party and associated with Sam Rainsy," he said. "I found that before every election, members of the party always broke away because of the political decision-making and partisanship," he said.

Ken Virak said that all opposition groups, including the new Human Rights Party (HRP) and his PPP, must unite if they are to have a chance at cutting into the CPP's majority at the next national election, which must be held by 2013. But a united opposition is still a distant threat to CPP dominance: proposed mergers between the SRP and HRP and two remaining royalist parties have all foundered on personal disagreements between their leaders.

Political family

Born in Phnom Penh in 1949, Rainsy's formative years were influenced by Cambodia's rough and tumble politics. His father, Sam Sary, was a key member of Sihanouk's Sangkum Reastr Niyum government, but fell from grace after he was implicated in the so-called Bangkok Plot of 1959, an attempt to topple the government with the support of Thailand's right-wing Field Marshal Sarit Thanarat.

Sam Sary disappeared in 1962 and was presumed killed, possibly by the government. Shortly afterwards, Rainsy's mother, In Em, took the remaining family members to live in France, where he was educated and remained for the next three decades. In a recent Phnom Penh Post interview, Rainsy described his father's death as a "traumatizing" experience, but said that his political views permeated the family and influenced the trajectory of his own political development.

Certain pivotal events in Europe, including the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956, were topics of conversation at the dinner table and went some way to forming the ideals that grew into the SRP's blend of liberal internationalism with appeals to Khmer nationalism.

"When it came to Southeast Asia, my father was in favor of a strict neutrality - that Cambodia should not move closer to the communist world," Rainsy said. "This has marked my background and my conviction that communism is oppressive - that freedom is essential and that we have to fight for [it]."

Rainsy said that despite being founded largely on his own initiative in 1995, the KNP - renamed the SRP in 1998 because of legal disputes over the KNP name - had grown into an "organization of its own" linking Cambodia with Khmer communities abroad. He also downplayed his role as the party's figurehead, referring to it as an "anachronistic" notion.

"If it was a one-man show, the show would have stopped a long time ago given all the problems that we've been facing," he said.

Rainsy said that the SRP was the only party in Cambodia that holds organized elections from the grassroots, a system that was in strict opposition to the CPP's centrally controlled networks. "They appoint their cadres - their apparatchiks - at the grassroots, but we are the only party that has organized elections," he said. Similarly, the "loss" of the former Funcinpec vote was largely "due to intimidation and vote-buying in non-transparent elections", Rainsy said - a claim the opposition has made consistently since the July 2008 election.

Asked how the party might erode the CPP's entrenched network of patronage and make electoral headway in rural areas, Rainsy said that current and future demographic changes were swinging voters towards the SRP - a factor reflected in the party's recent formation of a new youth congress. "It will take less time than one might imagine now because of the progress of technology, information, communication and education," he said. "History is accelerating."

Koul Panha, executive director of the Committee for Free and Fair Elections in Cambodia, a local election monitor, said Rainsy retains substantial political capital for taking a principled stance against corruption in the 1990s and maintaining it has a party platform ever since. He believes the party's main challenge is improving its public relations.

"I think he still has that credibility. He resigned from a key position in government and showed he is that kind of politician," he said. "The problem is how to communicate that credibility to the people." It's likely to remain a problem for the party as long as Rainsy campaigns on issues that appear to have more resonance with foreign audiences than with local voters.

Sebastian Strangio is a reporter for the Phnom Penh Post in Cambodia.

21 comments:

Anonymous said...

Thanks for the commentary. The ICON never fades since the first beginning. He survives many a political storms, and can't afford to lose before CPP.The heavier the storm, the firmer he stands. Justice and democracy is earned, not given. That's his mission. May he bring it a success.

Anonymous said...

Wow, this is journalist is good at spewing CPP propaganda! Hun Sen and CPP wants the world and Khmer people to think that Sam Rainsy is finished, but it is not so.Sam Rainsy and CPP are outnumbered on this unfair playing field, where Hun Sen controls everything and everyone in the country. He has to make international appeal, because National appeal does not work in a Dictatorship country.

Anonymous said...

ប្រទេសខ្មែរ បច្ចុប្បន្ននេះកំពុងតែត្រូវបានលេបត្របាក់ ដោយប្រទេសយួន តាមគ្រប់រូបភាព ដូចជាយុទ្ធសាស្រ្ត បញ្ចូលយួនអន្តោប្រវេសន៍, រំកិលព្រំដែន, ធ្វើវិនិយោគ
ដោយចំហ និងដោយលួចលាក់, បង្កើតសមាគមយួន ២១ ខេត្ត, ក្រុង, ធ្វើចារកម្ម,បង្កើតរដ្ឋបាលយួនក្នុងអំណាច
រដ្ឋាភិបាលខ្មែរ….
តើអាថ៌កំបាំងទាំងអស់នេះ ស្ដេចសីហនុ នឹង ពលរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
មើលឃើញដែរ ឬ ទេ???

Anonymous said...

He is fading. But I do have some hope he can make a come back but that would only happen if donor countries put heavy pressure on CPP run government. He did rely on international support a lot which we all know that they only do little to show that there systems is trying.After that it will fade.

He cannot succeed without a support from another foreign country and it is true that he is trying to lean on Thailand but they also have their own interest at stake. If he can manage that interest he can make it to good use. But only the future can tell.

I see a lot of defection from his party because of the same political landscape that ended many other good party members. Paranoia is a big problem.

Anonymous said...

sam rainsy is no icon of cambodia; if anyting, he is a traitor that works for foreigners, especially siem pad thugs! khmer people should observe and study him careful, this traitor is working against cambodia. just read his tone of voice which is always against anything and everything cambodia. he thinks he's everything to cambodia while look down on any khmer who wanted to help cambodia. no wonder he lived overseas because he's not khmer, he's only khmer on the outside, by all traitor in the inside! be careful about this traitor! cambodia ought to ban him from entering cambodia to make trouble again. i don't think cambodia and khmer people need this traitor. what's the use having a traitor for our nation?

Anonymous said...

Xam is a criminal, a traitor, a mother fucker, be a gay whore and spend rest of your life in Paris sucking French dicks.

Khmer in Sydney CBD

Anonymous said...

the truth is sam rainsy, the traitor, is very unpopular with majority of khmer people, really! don't make me laugh, he's no khmer people's icon! give me a break. he always works against cambodia's growth. i think he's a foreign agent, a traitor, that is! khmer people will see to it that he'll be sentence by khmer law as a traitor! god bless cambodia.

Common Sense said...

1:13 AM,

Sure, Sam Rainsy is no icon of Cambodia. There is no doubt to all the traitors of Cambodia. You posted your comments; "Sam Rainsy is a traitor to Cambodia" Is that Fact or Fiction? or you just barked for your master?
No, not khmer people but you should observe and study him careful. Get the facts before asserting baseless claims.

Be truthfull to yourself. The Truth will prevail no matter what. And that a Fact.

Common Sense said...

Khmer in Sydney CBD

It you pathetic low life again!!
stop calling yourself "Khmer in Sydney". You don't even deserve to visit never mind residing there.

Go get a life for god sake.

Anonymous said...

Sam Rainsy is still the icon of democratic movement.

Growth in current Cambodia is the growth of the death because its blood cells and veins are controlled by Vietnamese alien.

Common Sense said...

2:03 AM,

What about you? Are you a patriot to this country? What have you done to not to be called traitor?
Go ahead analyze your contradiction if you will. You can lie to others but you can not lie to yourself, can you?

Again, that's Facts.

Anonymous said...

Sam Rainsy is and will always be a hero, regardless. Hun Sen and Hanoi are worrying of the next election. It plays all the cards it has on hands right now to keep him out of the process. He is a real fighter, and no one is going to stop Sam Rainsy from speaking out or doing things in the interests of Cambodia. He has always been true to himself, to his values and his country.

Anonymous said...

i think cambodia should run a national survey to see if sam rainsy or other is the hero of cambodia. i'm sure sam rainsy wasn't the one, really!

Anonymous said...

Democratic Kampuchea Pol Pot Khmer Rouge Regime

Members:
Pol Pot
Nuon Chea
Ieng Sary
Ta Mok
Khieu Samphan
Son Sen
Ieng Thearith
Kaing Kek Iev
Hun Sen
Chea Sim
Heng Samrin
Hor Namhong
Keat Chhon
Ouk Bunchhoeun
Sim Ka...

Committed:
Tortures
Brutality
Executions
Massacres
Mass Murder
Genocide
Atrocities
Crimes Against Humanity
Starvations
Slavery
Force Labour
Overwork to Death
Human Abuses
Persecution
Unlawful Detention


Cambodian People's Party Hun Sen Khmer Rouge Regime

Members:
Hun Sen
Chea Sim
Heng Samrin
Hor Namhong
Keat Chhon
Ouk Bunchhoeun
Sim Ka...

Committed:
Attempted Murders
Attempted Murder on Chea Vichea
Attempted Assassinations
Attempted Assassination on Sam Rainsy
Assassinations
Assassinated Journalists
Assassinated Political Opponents
Assassinated Leaders of the Free Trade Union
Assassinated over 80 members of Sam Rainsy Party.

"But as of today, over eighty members of my party have been assassinated. Countless others have been injured, arrested, jailed, or forced to go into hiding or into exile."
Sam Rainsy LIC 31 October 2009 - Cairo, Egypt
  
Executions
Executed over 100 members of FUNCINPEC Party
Murders
Murdered 3 Leaders of the Free Trade Union 
Murdered Chea Vichea
Murdered Ros Sovannareth
Murdered Hy Vuthy
Murdered Journalists
Murdered Khim Sambo
Murdered Khim Sambo's son 
Murdered members of Sam Rainsy Party.
Murdered activists of Sam Rainsy Party
Murdered Innocent Men
Murdered Innocent Women
Murdered Innocent Children
Killed Innocent Khmer Peoples.
Extrajudicial Execution
Grenade Attack
Terrorism
Drive by Shooting
Brutalities
Police Brutality Against Monks
Police Brutality Against Evictees
Tortures
Intimidations
Death Threats
Threatening
Human Abductions
Human Abuses
Human Rights Abuses
Human Trafficking
Drugs Trafficking
Under Age Child Sex
Corruptions
Bribery
Embezzlement
Treason
Border Encroachment, allow Vietnam to encroaching into Cambodia.
Signed away our territories to Vietnam; Koh Tral, almost half of our ocean territory oil field and others.  
Illegal Arrest
Illegal Mass Evictions
Illegal Land Grabbing
Illegal Firearms
Illegal Logging
Illegal Deforestation

Illegally use of remote detonation bomb on Sokha Helicopter, while Hok Lundy and other military officials were on board.

Lightning strike many airplanes, but did not fall from the sky.  Lightning strike out side of airplane and discharge electricity to ground. 
Source:  Lightning, Discovery Channel

Illegally Sold State Properties
Illegally Removed Parliamentary Immunity of Parliament Members
Plunder National Resources
Acid Attacks
Turn Cambodia into a Lawless Country.
Oppression
Injustice
Steal Votes
Bring Foreigners from Veitnam to vote in Cambodia for Cambodian People's Party.
Use Dead people's names to vote for Cambodian People's Party.
Disqualified potential Sam Rainsy Party's voters. 
Abuse the Court as a tools for CPP to send political opponents and journalists to jail.
Abuse of Power
Abuse the Laws
Abuse the National Election Committee
Abuse the National Assembly
Violate the Laws
Violate the Constitution
Violate the Paris Accords
Impunity
Persecution
Unlawful Detention
Death in custody.

Under the Cambodian People's Party Hun Sen Khmer Rouge Regime, no criminals that has been committed crimes against journalists, political opponents, leaders of the Free Trade Union, innocent men, women and children have ever been brought to justice.

Anonymous said...

4:21am piss off,you idiot!

Anonymous said...

Khmer in Sydney CBD, I don't you are khmer, I think you are the mole who is trying to stir up my nation and turning it into conflicts. So fk off.

Anonymous said...

I don't you understand me, lol

Khmer in Sydney CBD

captainbligh said...

Sebastian Strangio, has always been and will always be a CPP mouthpiece. he loves quoting economic growth, voters percentages etc, but he refuses to acknowledge how those growth and votes are obtained. By all accounts the votes were obtained through intimidation and bribes. The economic growth benefits only a very small group, who does not have a history of sharing with the avarage Khmers. Strangio would never directly criticise Sam Rainsy, but he is always very good at finding those who are willing to. Ou Virak of the CCHR is stepping away from his position, to be replaced by a CPP member! Strangio tries to weaken the SRP by painting a gloomy picture of it, hoping to lessen the determination and resolve of democracy-loving Khmers every where. But he will not succeed in planting his seed-of-doubt, because we all know his true colours- that of the black-hearted CPP!

Also, Khmer in Sydney CBD. I too live in Sydney. Are you brave enough to come and meet me one day or are you just a coward?

Anonymous said...

Normally, Cambodian are not bother to think of politic. They wait for politician to decide future for them. They afraid something harm to them if they take part in politic. This mindset contain in Cambodian since long time ago. Most probably since Sihanouk regime that he killed any body oppose to his political decision. Until now Cambodian still suffer from this mindset. Hun Sen, hate those who oppose him. Thus, he ordered hand grenade attack to peaceful demonstration in 1997 to warn those oppose him not to stand up challenge him otherwise they will have fate like to killed demonstrators.

For me, Cambodia cannot rely on international aid for life. They have to decide themselves their future. They should bind together or wait for Hun Sen to kill them one by one, and last Hun Sen will be killed by Vietname.

Anonymous said...

As always Cambodian political system is weak and the foreign powers can influence Cambodian political system anyway they want for their advantage and this is a sad reality!

It seems that some so called Cambodian experts always blame Sam Rainsy for depending on International Community to help Cambodia move toward democracy! But at the same time these so called Cambodian experts fail to blame Hun Sen for depending on Vietnam and China for his political survival!

What Sam Rainsy had done so far for Cambodian democracy is a miracle because he still survive and live to see his wife and children and many Cambodian leaders before him are not that lucky!

Let face it! Hun Sen was given a chance to govern Cambodia by the Vietcong during their occupation of Cambodia! And if Cambodian people don't want to give Sam Rainsy a chance to govern Cambodia democratic way and the opportunity never lost! The opportunity now belong to Hun Sen and the Vietcong government to shape Cambodia into the same old backward country for the past 30 years!

For the past 30 years, it was a lie that Cambodia has 10% economic growth between 2004 and 2007 because majority of Cambodian people still live below poverty line according to international standard! Cambodian people never exchange anything for economic progress because it mainly the high officials and the greedy business tycoons colluded with corrupted Cambodian government exchange Cambodian people into slave labor and sex slave for their own personal gain..

Anonymous said...

Ou Vireak is just a political analysis in exchange for rice to survive. This guy can not find a job in USA. He doesn't know that there was no one dare to confront with Hun Sen, the master cruel killer of his civilian.

Sam Rainsy is not going to win the election organize by Tep Nitha with Vietnamese voters vote for Hun Sen, but Cambodian is winning Hun Sen with the guidance of Sam Rainisy.