My dignity, my beer

My dignity, my beer

03 August 2011
By Mu Sochua
Letter to The Phnom Penh Post

WOMEN serving Angkor beer have been demonstrating for several days in front of the company’s main office in The Phnom Penh. Their demand: decent pay and better work contracts in compliance with the Cambodian Labour Code. Women who serve beer work under the most dangerous conditions in terms of health risks: nightly alcohol over-use, violation and abuse – verbal, physical and sexual. As women in the entertainment industry, they are devalued by society and, without union membership, they have no voice.

It is in our collective interest to give our support and to encourage the participation of women in the non-formal sector as they are the core breadwinners and contribute actively to our local economy. The first step is decent work and decent pay. Without a doubt, US$50 is not going to make ends meet; it’s not enough to save for the future or for potential shocks such as medical emergencies or poor harvest years.

Research by the Cambodian NGO SiRCHESI shows that since 2004, beersellers have consistently been without a living wage, underpaid by 50 per cent or more compared with the expenses they incur to support their families. With international beer companies aware of this situation, and restaurants displaying suggestive advertising posters, some Cambodian men still visit beer gardens believing that buying international brands for an evening may also bring sex.

After revolution, Arabs regain dignity and hope [-Will Cambodians be willing to regain their dignity and hope back?]

In Cairo, one man holds an Egyptian flag as another kisses the pre-Kadafi flag of Libya during a rally in support of the Libyan protesters (Kevin Frayer, Associated Press / February 25, 2011)

Many Arabs believe that the changes underway herald the dawn of a new epoch after centuries of repression and humiliation under colonialism and despotic leaders.

February 26, 2011

By Jeffrey Fleishman

Los Angeles Times

Reporting from Cairo — His hands thick, the color of pewter, he bends steel rods in the city dust.

"It's different being an Egyptian after the revolution," says Mohammed Mahmoud, sweating at the edge of a construction site. A boy laborer nods. A flash of metal brightens the dirt. "We gained our dignity back."

The revolts shaking North Africa and the Middle East are about many things, but the most potent is a yearning for respect after decades of repression and promises betrayed.

Men like Mahmoud don't see the world in ideologies; they want to draw their pay and build their dreams. The Arab world had denied them that for too long. Then suddenly the known order cracked and unrest spread from Tunis to Cairo to the bloody streets of Tripoli.

"Dignity became what they were looking for," says Randa Habib, a Jordanian writer. "This was the essence of the rage."

Love for Sale: Neary Kroup Lak and the Economics of Sex

First published in October 2007 in The Phnom Penh Post as part of the Voice of Justice columns. "Love is patient; love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres." - St. Paul to the Corinthians in the first century. Happy Valentine's Day, everyone! - thearyseng.com

Love for Sale:
Neary Kroup Lak and the Economics of Sex

I believe the health of our nation hinges on the liberation of our female population. We, Khmers, Cannot expect social progress and economic development to occur in a vacuum, without the empowerment of our sisters, daughters, and wives. This will require us to alter our thinking regarding what it means to be an 'ideal Khmer woman', neary kroup lak, as outlined by the Women's Code of Conduct or Chbap Srei. She need not be the deferential, submissive, homely, soft-spoken, well-mannered, long-haired, almond-eyed Asian mannequin of society.

Instead, let her breathe air after 6 PM; let her be educated; let her speak her mind; let her explore; let her skin and scrape her knees a little.

Tradition and customs protect her from vices and being misunderstood, people explain. But I believe we hold on tightly to these customs and forms, partly, to counter the rising social ills of prostitution—to prove to our-selves and others that we Khmer pride ourselves on values and decorum. This holds true for men in particular, who proclaim their commitment to these values as a way of absolving themselves of their involvement.

We may excoriate the debased foreigners who come to our country to exploit the very fragile legal, enforcement infrastructure and the young girls, but we have to face the fact that the majority of the clients in the red light districts are actually our Khmer men.

Immorality and amorality

A while back I helped with a translation of a film on prostitution in Cambodia. In an interview with a 'john', I was struck by the glibness and lackadaisical attitude of this moto-taxi driver, who visited prostitutes on a regular basis because he wanted to try how a 'fat' one differs from a 'skinny' one, or how a 'white' one differs from his wife. Moreover, he could do things to prostitutes he could not do to his wife.

Besides repulsion, I was struck by a devastating thought: he lives in a society that is slipping beyond immorality into amorality. With immorality, at least his conscience pricks him to tell him his acts are wrong. But with amorality, a person is so de-sensitized that he does not care.

Where is love amidst this cruel bond? Where is romance and intimacy amidst this vile union? How can something so beautiful be so degraded? But sadly, as is often the case, the greater the beauty the greater is the perversion.

How is it that lust has replaced love, what is permissible preferred over the best? Has he not ever experienced that exquisite union of souls where the acute swelling of heart and tightening of muscles have nothing to do with carnal knowledge but everything to do with the best of the beloved? Where the knees give way, the chest pounds, and the throat dries up when we catch glimpses of the ethereal beauty of the adored?

Legacy of UNTAC

Under its rule, the Khmer Rouge can be credited with abolishing 'the oldest profession' in our country. This condition remained so until the presence of the United Nations in 1992. The invasion of 26,000 UN blue berets—young men culled from all over the world, paid with generous UN salaries—created a demand that was quickly supplied by the poverty-stricken female population (many trucked in from Vietnam, commerce transacted by local officials) in satisfying the libidos of these men. The United Nations paid these peacekeepers several thousand dollars per month in a country on the verge of extinction whose population lived on almost nothing.

The UN peacekeepers have been long gone, but the trade of selling bodies and souls continue. In certain situations, the girls sacrifice their bodies for the survival of their family. In other cases, the parents sell their daughters as part of the human cargo and trafficking that make for common occurrences that do not even raise an eyebrow anymore.

This social ill inflicts fatal wounds on all levels of our Khmer society, and its worst twists spiral down from the highest echelons of power.

Beauty and power

Beauty is attracted to power, power to beauty. A most despicable cycle of violence has been spiraling in our present-day society whereby the first wives of prominent men hunt down much younger second wives or mistresses of their philandering husbands. Time and again, we read the same storyline, with only the names changed; vengeful wives, armed with an entourage of bodyguards, attacking the girls with skin-eating acid thrown onto faces and bodies. The intent is not to kill so much as to deform. In a culture of impunity, these perpetrators have yet to face justice.

There is no winner in this situation. Everyone is to blame; everyone is a victim; everyone is a perpetrator. The issue is not one of justification for the younger women—sometimes a refusal can turn dangerous—but of proportionality and just deserts.

And the cruelty of it all—women are pitted against women, encouraged and circumscribed by a cultural, social and economic construct where the sexual degradation of one is to preserve the twisted ideal of another!

Economics of sex

The problem raises the larger issue of how we are to live, whether we want to live in a society where "love" is purely an economic equation and is up for sale; whether we want to live in a society where our daughters and sisters can aspire to nothing greater than the wife or commodity of a wealthy man, of an Oknha, of a white man, of a minister. Have we resigned ourselves to accepting the union of a beautiful 16-year old girl with a scraggly 60-year old man as normal? Is it ageism or an issue of power and choice? If we believe love is the foundation of such a union, I don't think we would be so uneasy (or queasy!), but rather rejoice with this most fortunate of a man! Do we as a society not feel the onus and responsibility for creating more opportunities and empowering our women or are we so ready to disown the many living in sexual slavery because we are free from it? Are we not concerned for the larger implication of what it means for us as a people, as a nation?

Or can we carelessly dismiss this as fate and neatly absolve the problem with a simple classification of neary kroup lak or "good" girls versus "bad" girls. If we are to pause and deeply assess the present-day status of Khmer women, our values and actions, is this categorization even meaningful? Many times, is not the line of respectability a bit blurred and skewered and based more on economics and social status rather than morality or ethics? Does not our current society quietly admire or envy a beautifully kept woman with a man of means, but treat with contempt and discard the pretty farm girl who has been trafficked into the sex trade for pennies?

Neary kroup lak reassessed

The Chbap Srei and the concept of the neary kroup lak must be reassessed in light of the realities of current society of 2007 (and not 1907) and where our society is heading. We can pretend to exist in a society of 100 years ago and to close our eyes to the changes around us, or we can face straight on the changes— often times unsettling amid seemingly uncontrollable and try to shape them. Change is never easy, especially when our identity, honor and worth are at stake. But rather than retreat and be defensive or act like an ostrich with its head stuck in the sand refusing to believe the obvious, we can, we should, we must take control of our destiny and impact it rather than living passively to be impacted upon.

If we are at all concerned about the state of affairs, we, Khmer women, need to be empowered through education and the exercising of our Constitutional and inherent rights; our Khmer men need to be educated concerning their own dignity and worth and the value and freedom of their Khmer women. It reflects our inadequacy and self-loathing when we feel we need to demean and one-up another; we must fight against this tendency to devalue each other as Khmer.

It also reflects our imbalance when we kow-tow to anything foreign or display passive-aggressive attitudes to them when we feel slighted; we must take care not to praise disproportionately or misplace our criticism of foreigners, for no one can give us or take away our inherent values, as no one can look down on us—without our consent.

And we are consenting when we mistreat each other, particularly our own women; we are consenting when we close our eyes to the misery of the vulnerable, of the fatherless, of the elderly, of the landless, of the disabled, of the needy; we are consenting when we abuse the rights of our own people and create conditions where they are forced to beg for the most basic of necessities.

We both need to understand that in destroying the souls of our wives, daughters and sisters, we are destroying our own souls; we are consenting.

We of both sexes must be braver to withstand the social stigmas and temptations and value each other. If we are at all serious and concerned for the welfare of our society, there is no other way. We must translate lip service into active service of care, compassion and individual transformation.

Presumption against Khmer women

To be human is to desire. But there are times, when our heart's desire has to be subordinated and sacrificed for a larger good. Even as our heart is being ripped out of us, we know there are limits to our desires. Why is it that we so often do what we know we ought not to do, and so often love or desire someone whom we would be better advised to walk away from?

The problems have reached such an apex that presumptions against us Khmer women are growing. And these presumptions are impeding our progress. They shackle our mobility and freedom, for these presumptions mistakenly inform Khmer women what is and is not permissible to do or not do, to be or not be. They are nefarious because our opportunities are limited by someone's misperceptions, our choices dictated by a social construct that makes our interaction with men, particularly of power, suspect.

Consequently, we Khmers should not be too surprised when outsiders view us with weariness or disdain, or when they exploit this presumption to their advantage. By not highly valuing ourselves or each other, and by not responding appropriately when others degrade or slight us, no matter how wrong their statement or action, we reinforce these presumptions. Let others take responsibility for their own wrongs, and let each of us expend our energy reflecting on our own life, and how we can do better.

And for those of us Khmers who have acquired education, power or wealth, let me say: do not think we are free from indignities heaped on us by foreigners because of the strand(s) of diamonds around our neck, or the perfect American accent we have cultivated, or the Gucci bag we carry, or the shiny Mercedes we drive, or the foreign degree(s) we have accumulated, or through any other means by which we believe can distance us from "the masses" and poverty's ugliness— unless we want to altogether disown our Khmer identity. We are only fooling ourselves if we believe we have gained respectability through any of these things while still misusing and abusing ourselves and our women.
Long ago a non-Khmer man of immense wealth and authority responded to my refusal of his propositioning with a contemptuous "Cambodians are a dime a dozen." I wanted so badly to direct him where he should go in the same manner we Khmers might use a finger to indicate where the sky is!

In the expatriate community of humanitarian workers, diplomats, businessmen (cleverly and accurately dubbed me 'lords of poverty' by one author), the presumption against us Khmer women can unfold either in explicit arrogance or subtle sophisticated undercutting.

I have encountered personally, on countless occasions throughout the years, the mixture of the two. In one particular situation, my forcing of an issue to expose the fraud of a foreign lawyer posed too great a risk to make it to print: the expatriate community was experiencing a backlash of anti-foreigner sentiments coupled with the possibility that I was just a disgruntled employee. Also, concerns were raised about the innocent local staff whose livelihood depended on the continued existence of the institution.

Later on, it was spun that I was the scorned lover of the foreign lawyer.

Of course... what else can I, a Khmer woman, possibly be?!

It will take years to chip away at this presumption made by us toward each other and by foreigners alike.

We need to return to the principle of first things. Genuine Love. For ourselves. And for each other.

Theary C. SENG, a member of the New York Bar Association, former director of Center for Social Development (March 2006—July 2009), founder and Board of the Center for Justice & Reconciliation (www.cjr-cambodia.org), founding adviser of the Association of Khmer Rouge Victims (www.akrvc.org), is currently writing her second book, under a grant, amidst her speaking engagements. For additional information, please visit Theary's website at thearyseng.com.

Recent Events Underscore Our Loss of Dignity

Opinion by Muoy You
sent to The Cambodia Daily

Last week, three pieces of news and events made me reflect on the condition of our country.

A poor man knocked a powerful man unconscious with a steel pipe and rammed the man's car into the wall of his house. While nobody can condone such violence, it might be helpful to reflect on what caused this act of rage. We usually read about the poor robbing, attacking or killing other poor for money or grudge. The rich and powerful were up to then immune from such danger. Not any more, it seems.

When frustrations build, they lead to anger and rage. Fences, however tall, and barbed wire, however impressive, could not protect one that was the object of hatred.

In some countries, a king, a queen, a minister or a mayor can be seen in the streets, going on a bike or public transport, on their own, without body guards. They have nothing to fear from their people. Such a thing is unimaginable in Cambodia. Why? Is it status or fear or both? If it’s fear, why?

There can be only two reasons. A: they have too many enemies, or B: they have no faith in the police.

And what turns a man into an enemy? When he is not given a chance and when he is robbed of his hope and dignity. What is dignity? I was there in my reflection when a piece of news gave me the answer to the question.

It seems Cambodia is less poor now. Its GDP has increased, there are less people living under the poverty line. I was really happy with this good news until I read that the poverty line was $0.45 per day.

What can one do with $0.45 a day? Why don’t we all try to live with $0.45 for a day to see how it feels? I had the experience ten years ago, trying to live with, not $0.45 but $1 a day. It was ten years ago and I didn’t take the rent or transport into account, just food for just myself. I knew what it was like to count every cent before buying something, to choose always the cheapest, to pretend I was not hungry. Now in 2008, what can one do with 1800 riel a day? One cannot even have a car wash. But of course, the poor do not have cars to wash. Only their dignity is washed away.

In 1979, the Cambodian people were the most equal in the world—all of them had nothing. Twenty nine years later, the gap is Himalayan—some have millions of dollars and the crowd has $0.45 a day. How could this have happened?

Some say those poor are lazy or stupid otherwise they would have made it like the others. Either that—we are a nation of lazy and stupid people—or there is something wrong in the economic management of the country and the values that govern our lives. A car knocked a man down. The owner came out and went to check the damage done to his car before he noticed the man and told him off— so much for individual dignity. What about our dignity as a nation?

Muoy You
Phnom Penh