Showing posts with label Tyranny in Cambodia. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Tyranny in Cambodia. Show all posts

Monday, February 22, 2010

Watch What's Pulling Us Down!

"An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile -- hoping it will eat him last" - Sir Winston Churchill
February, 2010
Op-Ed by Neay K'rudth
COUNTERVAILING FORCE'S FORUM

Originally posted online

Every day, Khmers are waking up to confront relentless waves of internal and external threat to our individual liberty, cultural traditions, political and territorial sovereignty, economical space, last but not least the already weaken environmental resources.

The enemies are masquerading as members of the media, civil servants, law enforcement, political leaders, diplomats, and the vilest of them all are those disguised as businessmen and investors. With so many unguarded routes of entry, these "toxic" agents have been targeting and inflicting serious damage to our social system's vital organs including unity, freedom, peace and security.

The enemies' persistent assaults appear to meet no discernable resistance from the folks at the wheel. Often it looks as if no one is "home" to challenge the aggressors, giving these beasts the audacity and the incentive to strike and plunder at will. The enemies' typical arsenal ranges from simple bribery to brutal silencing of the media and dissidents, deliberate misapplication of economic, legal rights, political, police and military power. The first objective of the enemies, whether foreign or domestic, is the same -- to induce psychological "regression" which ultimately causes Khmers to abandon the will to resist their acts of predation.

Structural Encroachment:

What we are facing is what social scientists call "structural encroachment", a process that is difficult to characterize, but is evident primarily in its consequence, i.e. border disputes, corruptions and impending tyranny, human, labor rights abuse, social inequality and injustice, local land grab, etc. Typically it is associated with the maintenance, development, and institutionalization of systems of "privilege" and the "marginalization" and further "impoverishment" of the under-privilege.

The game of structural encroachment is played by our enemies at two levels:

Amateur level: Local acts of violence and terrorism committed on civil society by paramilitary group, or criminal enterprises sponsored by shady power brokers well-connected to the establishment.

Professional level: Carried out by the business profiteers, the wealthy and the powerful, including the ruling authority, engaging in structural violence through manipulation of social conditions to their own advantage. Still higher, at nation state level, the leverage of concealed or overt economic, political/military power to coerce and subdue a weaker state.

The means and methods employed by our enemies have all the markings of "prisoner of war interrogation" practice using a well-known concept called "conceptual violence". The author had to use some publicized excerpts from the recently controversial "CIA's Interrogation Manual" to illustrate the similarity of context related to our condition as a country under seize.

By now most of us who are current with the events on the international scene are probably very familiar with the Iraq War and the terms used by the American media, such as "enemy combatant", "water-boarding torture", "Abu Ghraib Prison, Iraq", and the serious disregards for human rights by the U.S. Military operating in Iraq.

The CIA manual instructs their "interrogators" to deliberately create a context to extract intelligence from the "enemy combatant" through:
  • Isolation
  • Disorientation
  • Environment menace
In our situation we recognize our enemies' attempts, with various level of success, to isolate us by underwriting the corruptions and the abuse of power by the wealthy and powerful elites, to destroy mutual trust and driving a wedge between the privileged few and the under-privileged mass, between government and citizens. The out-of-control migration across the border sends community of migrants to settle in the middle of prime land, water, and food resources, and come in direct competition with existing and struggling native and indigenous communities, stifling their chance of growth beyond mere subsistence. The ultimate consequence is much similar to the living example of the Palestinian West Bank and the Gaza Strip split apart by the State of Israel.

The inequality, injustice, and the lack of equal access to opportunity push the majority of our population into grinding poverty and hopelessness, which cause crimes and lawlessness that will eventually break down the existing social orders. Civil society in desperation will resort to animal instinct and starts preying on one another for survival. When people are assaulted by continuous hunger, pain and suffering, they will lose sight of the social norms and become disoriented, as a result anarchy sets in. This is the exact condition that the "interrogators" or the enemies want to achieve. Living example can be found in many countries in Africa, Central and South America.

Living under watchful eyes of the secret police/military, and under constant threats of unlawful arrest, or worst, assassination and disappearance drives powerless citizens under such duress that they are too afraid to exercise their freedom of expression, and keep to themselves. As a consequence they perceive their surrounding environment, even in the privacy of their own home, as utterly oppressive and hostile -- a menace to anyone's psyche. A living example can be found in our neck-of the-wood -- Burma.

Our people are seen going about their daily life on the surface, but there is a undercurrent threat that a certain sector of our compatriots are yet to be aware of due to their selective ignorance, blinded by greed, and fool themselves with a false sense of security-- relying on so-called "friendly outsiders" to come to their rescue the next time around, and perhaps free of "charge"? The reality is we are no different than an "enemy combatant" being hold down and "water-boarded" by the "interrogators". Our enemies are very sophisticated and very determined not to lose their grip on our throat.

Like the "interrogators" they surround us and pin us down to enhance feelings of being cut off from anything known and reassuring, i.e. our dignity, independence, self-reliance, solidarity, cultural and national pride, etc.

Like the "interrogators" they use the "threat" of coercion (economic, politic/military leverage), which is usually more effective than coercion itself, to weaken or destroy our resistance.

Like the "interrogators" they torture our psyche to make us vulnerable to our own internal pain. Pain that we feel we are inflicting on ourselves, pain that is likely to sap our resistance. After a while, we are likely to exhaust our internal motivational strength -- regression is the ultimate result our enemies wish to extract when our resilience has finally worn down. Like the "enemy combatant" after being water-boarded a hundred-plus times the mind and the body basically break and give up what the enemies ultimately want -- our autonomy.

The author wish to leave the discussion for conscientious Khmers to contemplate and hopefully to be able to envision and feel the imminent danger, which keeps on sweeping our nation's freedom and security down under the treacherous water we are crossing at this moment in our sad history. The intent is to forewarn our compatriots from losing sight of the "important" and to stop squandering precious time by engaging in partisan politics, and begin placing things and events in the proper perspective -- do not ever underestimate the enemies. If and when our will to resist has broken, there will be no politics to speak of, but there will surely be "tyranny".

The author personal belief is humbly unsophisticated -- one centimeter of gain in favor of the Khmer mass and Khmer homeland is definitely RIGHTEOUS, no matter who's done it, or what reason or rhyme is being used to justify the gain. Anything on the contrary, whether it's a decree or edict from God, it shall have no merit.

"An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile -- hoping it will eat him last", Sir Winston Churchill.

Peace

Wednesday, August 12, 2009

Silence allows dictatorship to exist

Cambodia's past and current tyrants: Pol Pot (L) and Hun Sen (R)

August 12, 2009
By A. Gaffar Peang-Meth
Pacific Daily News (Guam)


After three years, eight months and 20 days of the Khmer Rouge's brutal rule, during which 1.7 million Cambodians lost their lives, the signing of the 1991 Paris Peace Accords offered Cambodia and her people a respite from suffering and the destruction, and the promise of a bright future.

The Paris Conference's Final Act, signed on Oct. 23, 1991, by representatives of 18 governments (Australia, Brunei, Cambodia, Canada, China, France, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, and Vietnam with the participation of officials from Zimbabwe and Yugoslavia representing the non-aligned movement and the United Nations Secretary-General and his representative) contains a comprehensive political settlement of the Cambodian conflict: a settlement that provides for a constitution based on democratic principles; the recognition of the sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and inviolability, neutrality and national unity of Cambodia; and provisions for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the country.

The accords offered a foundation for liberal democracy and for human rights and freedom of the Cambodian people.

But the accords are only words on paper. Short of implementation, they are all but meaningless.

Liberal democracy and rights and freedoms do not appear automatically. Man has to work to bring them about. The creation of a framework incorporating three branches of government with limits on the powers of each does not mean a system of checks and balances is established -- not if, in spite of their institution, one man or group of men dominates, influences, pulls strings from above.

Take the case of today's Cambodian system of government. James Madison would call it "tyranny" because one man, Hun Sen, the chief executive, and a group of men, the Cambodian People's Party, his party, control all three branches of government, making a mockery of international norms for an independent legislature and judiciary.

Following the signing of the accords, there were lavish self-congratulations and the touting of Cambodia's transformation as a "success story." Yet, the Cambodian People's Party, brought to power by Vietnam's 1978 military invasion, and propped up, since the 1979 routing of Pol Pot by Vietnam's troops, busily built its party power structures, organization and discipline, and forcefully pushed party interests ahead of the nation's interest.

The first UN-supervised 1993 general elections gave the mandate to govern to the democratically elected victor, Prince Norodom Ranariddh, but the CPP and Sen demanded that Sen, who lost the elections, be made co-prime minister of Cambodia, and that existing governing state institutions be co-governed.

And so, the country had a two-headed government, two armies, two systems, two policies. The 1997 military coup launched by Sen killed many and sent Ranariddh and his loyalists fleeing the country. This happened before the eyes of state signatories of the accords and of the United Nations.

American civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. said: "The ultimate tragedy is not the oppression and cruelty by the bad people but the silence over that by the good people." And British political philosopher Edmund Burke said: "All that is needed for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing."

Nearly 18 years after the accords, Cambodia has not become a liberal democracy nor do her people enjoy fundamental rights and freedoms. The failure has been a collective one, with Cambodians unable to work together and signatory governments' Cambodia fatigue leading them to want a semblance of political stability, even if they must turn a blind eye to rights violations.

It's in human nature in general to deny one's culpability in an unpleasant situation and to blame others for it. Yet each day that passes is one more day too many for the Cambodian people and their country to be denied what the accords promised.

Furthermore, an issue that could result in a hot war between Cambodian and Thai troops, neighbors to the west, over the Preah Vihear temple, has been left unsolved as soldiers eyeball each other, their fingers on the trigger, separated by only a few hundred yards. The accords' signatory states agreed to the maintenance, preservation and defense of Cambodia's sovereignty, territorial integrity and national unity. What does a bubbling conflict mean to them?

For the moment, absent open warfare, the world is content to let Cambodia remain under the control of a corrupt dictator. Still, in an authoritarian atmosphere, stable commerce cannot be expected to flourish; the economy will continue to benefit the few and consign the majority to the poverty that has become their norm.

There cannot be liberal democracy where fundamental rights and freedoms are not allowed. Innovation must be encouraged. "Outside the box" thinking must flourish; people must have the hope that the power to improve their circumstances is within their grasp.

After Cambodians learn to reconcile with one another, unlearn a culture that harbors generational memories of slights and disrespect, and move forward with self confidence, they may recall Buddha's teachings and practice them. At that juncture, the world community may feel it is in its interest to renew a commitment made long ago to Cambodia and her people.

A. Gaffar Peang-Meth, Ph.D., is retired from the University of Guam, where he taught political science for 13 years. Write him at peangmeth@yahoo.com.