.jpg) |
| Hun Xen (L) and Sihanouk: The allies of convenience? |
.jpg) |
| Les absents ont toujours tort, or "The absent are always in the wrong," referring to the deceased Lon Nol |
 |
| Sihanouk and Pham Van Dong |
September 1, 2012
Contributors: Dr. Gaffar Peang-Meth
An article by Dr. Gaffar Peang-Meth published by the Asian Human Rights Commission
Hun Sen and King Father Sihanouk are now allies of convenience. And the Cambodian people have no advocate in the halls of power.
A Khmer proverb, Chaul stung tarm bawt, says if you travel a river you must follow its bend. In contemporary Cambodia, the behavior represented in the ancient proverb is cast aside in favor of conduct expressed through a saying, Thveu doch ke doch aeng, or "Do like others do." If you don't follow the bends in the river, you won't get where you want to go, says the old proverb. But the current translation alters the meaning: If you don't do as others do, you will look odd and be the subject of ridicule.
A classic psychological experiment found one in three persons would modify his or her own opinion to conform with that of others. Conformity is a human trait. But Cambodians are generally conformists by culture.
For two thousand years, Khmers have been taught to korup (respect), bamreur (serve), and karpier (defend) rulers and authorities. To deviate from this behavioral pattern raises a question of the transgressor's smoh trang (loyalty). Such distrust, or min touk chet, is an opening toward an eventual charge of kbawt (treason).
Cambodia's current autocratic Prime Minister Hun Sen is employing this culture to maintain his rule. Many Cambodians today, like most in the past, are directly or obliquely coerced to obey the regime – or at least not to oppose it. Not wanting to be charged with treason, kbawt, one wants to be seen doch ke doch aeng – to do like others do.
Changing such a culture -- attitudes, norms, ways of doing things of a whole people -- is difficult but is necessary if the country is to change its destiny. In the Khmer nation of conformists, a change of such culture may be accomplished by Khmer Buddhists (comprising more than 90 percent of the population) who apply what their Lord Buddha teaches: Buddhists do not mind what others do or not do, but value an individual's action to create a future of his or her own choosing. Humans are responsible for their own destiny. In the words of Khmer writer Bouawat Sithi, "with a wholesome state of mind," humans can create "a heaven" -- peace -- for themselves and others; "with an unwholesome state of mind," humans can create "a hell."
One Cambodian who worked to affect a change in traditional Khmer culture was Cambodian veteran diplomat Srey Pheach, who passed away last week.
Introducing Pheach
A native of Sisophon, Battambang, Srey Pheach graduated in public administration from Cambodia's Ecole Royale d'Administration and joined Cambodia's Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1959. He was posted in Egypt, at the United Nations, in Czechoslovakia, and the Philippines.
Srey Pheach described his thinking, based on his 16 years of observation as a diplomat, in two handwritten essays. He gave me the first in 2009 and the second this year, shortly before his death. I have chosen in this column to share Pheach's observations both because he was my friend and because I believe they have value. He had firsthand experiences that add dimension to available historical accounts, and was an honorable man who gave much of himself to improve the lot of his countrymen, both as a government functionary and as an expatriate who remained politically active until his death.
.jpg)
